Abel And Cain

By Charles Baudelaire

I.     Race of Abel, sleep and eat;     God smiles on you complacently.     Race of Cain, in mud and filth     You crawl and die in misery.     Abel's race, your sacrifice     Smells sweet to all the Seraphim!     Race of Cain, your punishment,     Will it be ever at an end?     Race of Abel, see your seed,     Your flocks, your cattle come to good;     Race of Cain, like some old dog     Your empty entrails howl for food.     Race of Abel, warm your belly     By the hearth of countrymen;     Race of Cain, you tremble, freezing,     Lonely jackal, in your den!     Race of Abel, multiply     Even your gold proliferates;     Race of Cain, a burning heart,     Take guard against your appetites.     Race of Abel, chew and swell     Like insects swarming through the woods!     Race of Cain, in deep distress     Your people lag on stony roads. II.     Race of Abel, see your shame:     The plough is conquered by the pike!     Cain, your modem progeny     Have just begun to do your work;     Race of Abel, carrion,     Manure to feed the steaming sod!     Race of Cain, assault the skies     And drag him earthward - bring down God!

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Poem Details

Language: English
Keywords: Public Domain
Source: Public Domain Collection
Rights/Permissions: Public Domain

Analysis & Notes:
This poem employs the biblical story of Cain and Abel as a powerful allegory to depict a sharp social and economic divide. The stark dichotomy between the prosperous "Race of Abel" and the deprived "Race of Cain" underscores themes of privilege, justice, and retribution. The poet uses vivid, often harsh imageries to contrast the lives of the two 'races.' Abel's race is depicted as complacent and self-indulgent, enjoying the fruits of their privilege, while Cain's race is portrayed as destitute and suffering, yearning for basic necessities.

The tone of the poem is deeply critical, hinting at an underlying condemnation of social inequality and the unending cycle of punishment for the underprivileged. The structure is consistent, each stanza alternating between the races of Abel and Cain, reinforcing the stark contrast between their experiences. The poet employs numerous literary devices, such as metaphors ("your flocks, your cattle come to good"; "your empty entrails howl for food") and alliteration ("carrion," "cattle come"). The second part of the poem hints at a potential uprising, as the "Race of Cain" begins to "do your work" and "assault the skies." This shift in tone suggests a call to action, a warning against complacency, and a prophecy of a potential revolution against established order.

Understanding Satirical Poetry

Satirical poems use wit, irony, exaggeration, and ridicule to expose folly—personal, social, or political. The aim isn’t just laughter: it’s critique that nudges readers toward insight or change.


Common characteristics of satirical poetry:

  • Targeted Critique: Focuses on specific behaviors, institutions, or ideas—often timely, sometimes timeless.
  • Tools of Irony: Uses sarcasm, parody, understatement, and hyperbole to sharpen the point.
  • Voice & Persona: Speakers may be unreliable or exaggerated to reveal contradictions and hypocrisy.
  • Form Flexibility: Appears in couplets, tercets, quatrains, blank verse, or free verse—music serves the mockery.
  • Moral Pressure: Beneath the humor lies ethical pressure—satire seeks reform, not merely amusement.
  • Public & Personal: Can lampoon public figures and trends or needle private vanities and everyday pretenses.

The best satire balances bite with craft: memorable lines that entertain while revealing the gap between how things are and how they ought to be.