The Sons of Martha

By Rudyard Kipling

The Sons of Mary seldom bother, for they have inherited that good part; But the Sons of Martha favour their Mother of the careful soul and the troubled heart. And because she lost her temper once, and because she was rude to the Lord her Guest, Her Sons must wait upon Mary's Sons, world without end, reprieve, or rest. It is their care in all the ages to take the buffet and cushion the shock. It is their care that the gear engages; it is their care that the switches lock. It is their care that the wheels run truly; it is their care to embark and entrain, Tally, transport, and deliver duly the Sons of Mary by land and main. They say to mountains, "Be ye removed." They say to the lesser floods, "Be dry." Under their rods are the rocks reproved, they are not afraid of that which is high. Then do the hill-tops shake to the summit, then is the bed of the deep laid bare, That the Sons of Mary may overcome it, pleasantly sleeping and unaware. They finger death at their gloves' end where they piece and repiece the living wires. He rears against the gates they tend: they feed him hungry behind their fires. Early at dawn, ere men see clear, they stumble into his terrible stall, And hale him forth like a haltered steer, and goad and turn him till evenfall. To these from birth is Belief forbidden; from these till death is Relief afar. They are concerned with matters hidden, under the earthline their altars are, The secret fountains to follow up, waters withdrawn to restore to the mouth, And gather the floods as in a cup, and pour them again at a city's drouth. They do not preach that their God will rouse them a little before the nuts work loose. They do not teach that His Pity allows them to drop their job when they dam'-well choose. As in the thronged and the lighted ways, so in the dark and the desert they stand, Wary and watchful all their days that their brethren's days may be long in the land. Raise ye the stone or cleave the wood to make a path more fair or flat, Lo, it is black already with blood some Son of Martha spilled for that! Not as a ladder from earth to Heaven, not as a witness to any creed, But simple service simply given to his own kind in their common need. And the Sons of Mary smile and are blessed, they know the Angels are on their side. They know in them is the Grace confessed, and for them are the Mercies multiplied. They sit at the Feet, they hear the World, they see how truly the Promise runs. They have cast their burden upon the Lord, and, the Lord He lays it on Martha's Sons!

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Poem Details

Language: English
Keywords: Public Domain
Source: Public Domain Collection
Rights/Permissions: Public Domain

Analysis & Notes:
Rudyard Kipling’s "The Sons of Martha" is a Philosophical Narrative Poem with strong elements of Social Allegory and Religious Reflection. Inspired by the biblical story of Mary and Martha from the Gospel of Luke, the poem contrasts two kinds of people: the contemplative Sons of Mary, who enjoy spiritual blessings and comfort, and the industrious Sons of Martha, who labor tirelessly to maintain the physical world. The central theme is the unacknowledged, ceaseless toil that sustains civilization, performed by practical, dutiful workers who, unlike the spiritually exalted, must grapple constantly with the realities of the material world.

The tone of the poem is admiring, somber, and deeply respectful toward the Sons of Martha. Kipling elevates the engineers, builders, mechanics, and other laborers as silent heroes—those who ensure that "the wheels run truly," "the switches lock," and "the gear engages," so that the Sons of Mary can live safely and comfortably. Through vivid imagery of taming mountains, controlling floods, and wrestling with the dangerous powers of nature like electricity and water, Kipling portrays their work as vital, perilous, and profoundly sacrificial. Structurally, the poem uses rhythmic, heavily weighted lines that reflect the physical heft and endless repetition of labor itself.

The poem’s religious undertones are particularly striking: while the Sons of Mary are blessed with spiritual gifts and trust in divine mercy, the Sons of Martha are denied the luxury of waiting for miracles. Instead, they must toil "early at dawn" and "till evenfall," never relaxing their vigilance, because real-world consequences depend on their unseen sacrifices. Kipling thus challenges traditional notions of divine favor, suggesting that grace and heroism are often found not in prayer and contemplation, but in the steady, often bloody, service of ordinary human need.

Historically, "The Sons of Martha" reflects Kipling’s deep admiration for the engineers, builders, and working classes who underpinned the industrial world, especially within the British Empire. It serves as a broader meditation on social structure: those who enjoy the fruits of society often overlook the burdens borne by those who make society possible. The final bitter twist—that the Sons of Mary cast their burdens upon the Lord, who in turn lays them upon the Sons of Martha—underscores the harsh reality that labor and responsibility fall not equally, but heavily, on the shoulders of the capable and dutiful.

Ultimately, "The Sons of Martha" is a powerful tribute to the dignity of work, vigilance, and sacrifice. Kipling honors those who serve their fellow humans not with grand gestures or spiritual visions, but with the quiet, essential tasks that keep the world turning—a message that remains strikingly relevant across all ages.

Exploring Narrative Poetry

Narrative poetry is a form of poetry that tells a story, often making use of the voices of a narrator and characters as well. Unlike lyric poetry, which focuses on emotions and thoughts, narrative poetry is dedicated to storytelling, weaving tales that captivate readers through plot and character development.


Narrative poems are unique in their ability to combine the depth of storytelling with the expressive qualities of poetry. Here are some defining characteristics:

  • Structured Plot: Narrative poems typically have a clear beginning, middle, and end, following a plot that might involve conflict, climax, and resolution, much like a short story or novel.
  • Character Development: Characters in narrative poems are often well-developed, with distinct voices and personalities that drive the story forward.
  • Descriptive Language: The language used in narrative poetry is vivid and descriptive, painting a clear picture of the scenes and events, while also conveying the emotions and atmosphere of the story.

From ancient epics like "The Iliad" and "The Odyssey" to more modern narrative poems, this form continues to engage readers by blending the art of storytelling with the beauty and rhythm of poetry.