Address To The Toothache

By Robert Burns

        My curse upon thy venom'd stang,         That shoots my tortur'd gums alang;         And thro' my lugs gies mony a twang,             Wi' gnawing vengeance;         Tearing my nerves wi' bitter pang,             Like racking engines!         When fevers burn, or ague freezes,         Rheumatics gnaw, or cholic squeezes;         Our neighbours' sympathy may ease us,             Wi' pitying moan;         But thee, thou hell o' a' diseases,             Ay mocks our groan!         Adown my beard the slavers trickle!         I kick the wee stools o'er the mickle,         As round the fire the giglets keckle,             To see me loup;         While, raving mad, I wish a heckle             Were in their doup.         O' a' the num'rous human dools,         Ill har'sts, daft bargains, cutty-stools,         Or worthy friends rak'd i' the mools,             Sad sight to see!         The tricks o' knaves, or fash o' fools,             Thou bears't the gree.         Where'er that place be priests ca' hell,         Whence a' the tones o' mis'ry yell,         And ranked plagues their numbers tell,             In dreadfu' raw,         Thou, Toothache, surely bear'st the bell             Amang them a'!         O thou grim mischief-making chiel,         That gars the notes of discord squeel,         'Till daft mankind aft dance a reel             In gore a shoe-thick!         Gie' a' the faes o' Scotland's weal             A towmond's Toothache.

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Poem Details

Language: English
Keywords: Public Domain
Source: Public Domain Collection
Rights/Permissions: Public Domain

Analysis & Notes:
This poem possesses an interesting blend of humor, pain, and frustration, drawing heavily on vivid and sometimes grotesque imagery. It personifies a common ailment, the toothache, as a tormenting, malicious entity, thereby amplifying the emotional resonance of physical distress. The speaker's use of dialect and colloquial language adds a layer of authenticity, and its use of hyperbole and metaphor enhances the dramatic impact, turning a seemingly mundane experience into an epic struggle.

The poem employs a consistent rhyming scheme and rhythm, creating a sort of musicality that contrasts with the subject matter. Themes of suffering and anguish are prevalent, but they're presented in a way that's almost comically exaggerated, which lightens the tone somewhat. The speaker's anger and frustration are palpable, particularly in the vivid, sensory language used to describe the pain.

There's also an element of social commentary in the poem. The speaker suggests that the pain of a toothache outdoes all other miseries, both personal and societal, which might be a critique of how society prioritizes or trivializes certain types of suffering. The poem ends on a somewhat vindictive note, wishing the torment of a toothache upon enemies, which underscores the poem's overall tone of raw, unfiltered emotion.

Understanding Satirical Poetry

Satirical poems use wit, irony, exaggeration, and ridicule to expose folly—personal, social, or political. The aim isn’t just laughter: it’s critique that nudges readers toward insight or change.


Common characteristics of satirical poetry:

  • Targeted Critique: Focuses on specific behaviors, institutions, or ideas—often timely, sometimes timeless.
  • Tools of Irony: Uses sarcasm, parody, understatement, and hyperbole to sharpen the point.
  • Voice & Persona: Speakers may be unreliable or exaggerated to reveal contradictions and hypocrisy.
  • Form Flexibility: Appears in couplets, tercets, quatrains, blank verse, or free verse—music serves the mockery.
  • Moral Pressure: Beneath the humor lies ethical pressure—satire seeks reform, not merely amusement.
  • Public & Personal: Can lampoon public figures and trends or needle private vanities and everyday pretenses.

The best satire balances bite with craft: memorable lines that entertain while revealing the gap between how things are and how they ought to be.