About May

By Ella Wheeler Wilcox

    One night Nurse Sleep held out her hand          To tired little May.     "Come, go with me to Wonderland,"          She said, "I know the way.     Just rock-a-by - hum-m-m,          And lo! we come     To the place where the dream-girls play."     But naughty May, she wriggled away          From Sleep's soft arms, and said:     "I must stay awake till I eat my cake,          And then I will go to bed;     With a by-lo, away I will go."          But the good nurse shook her head.     She shook her head and away she sped,          While May sat munching her crumb.     But after the cake there came an ache,          Though May cried: "Come, Sleep, come,     And it's oh! my! let us by-lo-by" -          All save the echoes were dumb.     She ran after Sleep toward Wonderland,          Ran till the morning light;     And just as she caught her and grasped her hand,          A nightmare gave her a fright.     And it's by-lo, I hope she'll know          Better another night.

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Poem Details

Language: English
Keywords: Public Domain
Source: Public Domain Collection
Rights/Permissions: Public Domain

Analysis & Notes:
This whimsical poem presents themes of childhood, disobedience, and the consequences of neglecting natural needs, specifically sleep. The poet employs an engaging narrative form, using consistent rhyming and rhythm to create a sing-song quality that parallels traditional children's nursery rhymes. This style underscores the youthful innocence and naivety of the central character, May, while the narrative itself provides a subtle moral lesson.

The poem explores the concept of sleep as a nurturing, guiding figure through the character of Nurse Sleep who possesses a dual role as a caregiver and gatekeeper to the realm of dreams, Wonderland. May's resistance to Nurse Sleep's call symbolizes youthful stubbornness and a desire for immediate gratification, as seen in her insistence on eating cake before sleeping. This rejection results in her inability to access the comforting realm of sleep and instead, she experiences a nightmare. The use of personification and allegory here portrays sleep not only as a biological necessity but also a mystical journey that is not to be delayed or taken lightly. The poem concludes with a gentle admonishment, hinting at lessons learned the hard way.

The language and tone are playful and light, yet the poem carries a deeper message about the importance of sleep and the potential consequences of defying natural rhythms. The imagery of chasing after sleep is particularly poignant, as it evokes a sense of desperation and reinforces the importance of embracing sleep when it first beckons.

Exploring Narrative Poetry

Narrative poetry is a form of poetry that tells a story, often making use of the voices of a narrator and characters as well. Unlike lyric poetry, which focuses on emotions and thoughts, narrative poetry is dedicated to storytelling, weaving tales that captivate readers through plot and character development.


Narrative poems are unique in their ability to combine the depth of storytelling with the expressive qualities of poetry. Here are some defining characteristics:

  • Structured Plot: Narrative poems typically have a clear beginning, middle, and end, following a plot that might involve conflict, climax, and resolution, much like a short story or novel.
  • Character Development: Characters in narrative poems are often well-developed, with distinct voices and personalities that drive the story forward.
  • Descriptive Language: The language used in narrative poetry is vivid and descriptive, painting a clear picture of the scenes and events, while also conveying the emotions and atmosphere of the story.

From ancient epics like "The Iliad" and "The Odyssey" to more modern narrative poems, this form continues to engage readers by blending the art of storytelling with the beauty and rhythm of poetry.