The Leper

By Algernon Charles Swinburne

    Nothing is better, I well think,     Than love; the hidden well-water     Is not so delicate to drink:     This was well seen of me and her.     I served her in a royal house;     I served her wine and curious meat.     For will to kiss between her brows,     I had no heart to sleep or eat.     Mere scorn God knows she had of me,     A poor scribe, nowise great or fair,     Who plucked his clerks hood back to see     Her curled-up lips and amorous hair.     I vex my head with thinking this.     Yea, though God always hated me,     And hates me now that I can kiss     Her eyes, plait up her hair to see     How she then wore it on the brows,     Yet am I glad to have her dead     Here in this wretched wattled house     Where I can kiss her eyes and head.     Nothing is better, I well know,     Than love; no amber in cold sea     Or gathered berries under snow:     That is well seen of her and me.     Three thoughts I make my pleasure of:     First I take heart and think of this:     That knights gold hair she chose to love,     His mouth she had such will to kiss.     Then I remember that sundawn     I brought him by a privy way     Out at her lattice, and thereon     What gracious words she found to say.     (Cold rushes for such little feet,     Both feet could lie into my hand:     A marvel was it of my sweet     Her upright body could so stand).     Sweet friend, God give you thank and grace;     Now am I clean and whole of shame,     Nor shall men burn me in the face     For my sweet fault that scandals them.     I tell you over word by word.     She, sitting edgewise on her bed,     Holding her feet, said thus. The third,     A sweeter thing than these, I said.     God, that makes time and ruins it     And alters not, abiding God,     Changed with disease her body sweet,     The body of love wherein she abode.     Love is more sweet and comelier     Than a doves throat strained out to sing.     All they spat out and cursed at her     And cast her forth for a base thing.     They cursed her, seeing how God had wrought     This curse to plague her, a curse of his.     Fools were they surely, seeing not     How sweeter than all sweet she is.     He that had held her by the hair,     With kissing lips blinding her eyes,     Felt her bright bosom, strained and bare,     Sigh under him, with short mad cries.     Out of her throat and sobbing mouth     And body broken up with love,     With sweet hot tears his lips were loth     Her own should taste the savour of,     Yea, he inside whose grasp all night     Her fervent body leapt or lay,     Stained with sharp kisses red and white,     Found her a plague to spurn away.     I hid her in this wattled house,     I served her water and poor bread.     For joy to kiss between her brows     Time upon time I was nigh dead.     Bread failed; we got but well-water     And gathered grass with dropping seed.     I had such joy of kissing her,     I had small care to sleep or feed.     Sometimes when service made me glad     The sharp tears leapt between my lids,     Falling on her, such joy I had     To do the service God forbids.     I pray you let me be at peace,     Get hence, make room for me to die.     She said that: her poor lip would cease,     Put up to mine, and turn to cry.     I said, Bethink yourself how love     Fared in us twain, what either did;     Shall I unclothe my soul thereof?     That I should do this, God forbid.     Yea, though God hateth us, he know     That hardly in a little thing     Love faileth of the work it does     Till it grow ripe for gathering.     Six months, and now my sweet is dead.     A trouble takes me; I know not     If all were done well, all well said,     No word or tender deed forgot.     Too sweet, for the least part in her,     To have shed life out by fragments; yet,     Could the close mouth catch breath and stir,     I might see something I forget.     Six months, and I still sit and hold     In two cold palms her two cold feet.     Her hair, half grey half ruined gold,     Thrills me and burns me in kissing it.     Love bites and stings me through, to see     Her keen face made of sunken bones.     Her worn-off eyelids madden me,     That were shot through with purple once.     She said, Be good with me, I grow     So tired for shames sake, I shall die     If you say nothing: even so.     And she is dead now, and shame put by.     Yea, and the scorn she had of me     In the old time, doubtless vexed her then.     I never should have kissed her. See     What fools Gods anger makes of men!     She might have loved me a little too,     Had I been humbler for her sake.     But that new shame could make love new     She saw not, yet her shame did make.     I took too much upon my love,     Having for such mean service done     Her beauty and all the ways thereof,     Her face and all the sweet thereon.     Yea, all this while I tended her,     I know the old love held fast his part:     I know the old scorn waxed heavier,     Mixed with sad wonder, in her heart.     It may be all my love went wrong,     A scribes work writ awry and blurred,     Scrawled after the blind evensong,     Spoilt music with no perfect word.     But surely I would fain have done     All things the best I could. Perchance     Because I failed, came short of one,     She kept at heart that other mans.     I am grown blind with all these things:     It may be now she hath in sight     Some better knowledge; still there clings     The old question. Will not God do right?

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Poem Details

Language: English
Keywords: Public Domain
Source: Public Domain Collection
Rights/Permissions: Public Domain

Analysis & Notes:
This piece is a deeply moving exploration of unrequited love, the pain of loss, and the complexities of human relationships. The speaker, a humble scribe, recounts his love for a woman who he served but who did not return his affections, preferring the love of a knight. Throughout the poem, the speaker oscillates between the pains of unreciprocated love and the pleasures of serving his beloved, creating a poignant tension that underscores the poem's emotional depth.

The theme of love is inextricably tied with themes of class and societal expectations. The speaker's role as a servant places him in a lower social position than his beloved, which could explain her disdain for him and preference for the knight. This dynamic contributes to the tragic nature of the speaker's love, as it is not only unrequited but also socially taboo.

The poem utilizes a chronological narrative structure, moving from the speaker's initial infatuation, to his servitude, to his beloved's sickness and eventual death, and finally to his posthumous reflections. The extensive use of enjambment and irregular rhyme scheme throughout the poem creates a sense of unease and discontinuity, mirroring the speaker's emotional turmoil.

The poem's tone is characterized by a distinct melancholy, bordering on despair. However, this despair is punctuated with moments of joy and satisfaction, particularly when the speaker recounts moments of intimacy with his beloved. The overall tone thus embodies the complexities of the speaker's emotions, providing a nuanced depiction of unrequited love.

Literary devices such as personification, simile, and metaphor are used to great effect to depict the depth and intensity of the speaker's emotions. For instance, the speaker's love is likened to a "hidden well-water", suggesting its purity and depth, while his beloved's disease is personified as a "curse", reflecting the speaker's perception of her illness as a cruel punishment. These devices contribute to the poem's emotional resonance

Exploring Narrative Poetry

Narrative poetry is a form of poetry that tells a story, often making use of the voices of a narrator and characters as well. Unlike lyric poetry, which focuses on emotions and thoughts, narrative poetry is dedicated to storytelling, weaving tales that captivate readers through plot and character development.


Narrative poems are unique in their ability to combine the depth of storytelling with the expressive qualities of poetry. Here are some defining characteristics:

  • Structured Plot: Narrative poems typically have a clear beginning, middle, and end, following a plot that might involve conflict, climax, and resolution, much like a short story or novel.
  • Character Development: Characters in narrative poems are often well-developed, with distinct voices and personalities that drive the story forward.
  • Descriptive Language: The language used in narrative poetry is vivid and descriptive, painting a clear picture of the scenes and events, while also conveying the emotions and atmosphere of the story.

From ancient epics like "The Iliad" and "The Odyssey" to more modern narrative poems, this form continues to engage readers by blending the art of storytelling with the beauty and rhythm of poetry.