Sonnets on English Dramatic Poets (1590-1650): Epilogue

Author: Algernon Charles Swinburne


    Our mother, which wast twice, as history saith,
    Found first among the nations: once, when she
    Who bore thine ensign saw the God in thee
    Smite Spain, and bring forth Shakespeare: once, when death
    Shrank, and Romes bloodhounds cowered, at Miltons breath:
    More than thy place, then first among the free,
    More than that sovereign lordship of the sea
    Bequeathed to Cromwell from Elizabeth,
    More than thy fiery guiding- star, which Drake
    Hailed, and the deep saw lit again for Blake,
    More than all deeds wrought of thy strong right hand,
    This praise keeps most thy fames memorial strong,
    That thou wast head of all these streams of song,
    And time bows down to thee as Shakespeares land.

Type of Poem: Sonnet

Date Written:

Date Published:

Language: English

Keywords: Public Domain

Source: Public Domain Collection

Publisher:

Rights/Permissions: Public Domain

Comments/Notes: This poem is a rich exploration of national identity and historical memory, steeped in reverence for England's literary heritage. The tone is one of profound respect and admiration, with the speaker hailing the motherland for her pivotal role in fostering great literary minds. The nation is personified as a nurturing mother, underlining the intimate connection between the land and its people.

The poem is structured into a single, dense stanza, which serves to emphasize the continuity of history and the interconnectedness of the events and figures it commemorates. Notably, the poet employs allusion as a key literary device, referencing historical figures such as Shakespeare, Milton, Cromwell, Drake, and Blake. These allusions not only enrich the poem's historical tapestry but also elevate the nation's stature by associating it with these iconic figures, suggesting that the nation's greatness is reflected in its cultural output. The final lines underscore this, asserting that the nation's most enduring legacy is its literary heritage, symbolized by Shakespeare. The poem hence posits literature as a timeless testament to national identity and achievement, a tribute that withstands the passage of time.

Understanding the Sonnet

The sonnet is one of the most enduring and celebrated forms of poetry, known for its strict structure and profound themes. With a history spanning centuries, sonnets have been used to explore love, beauty, politics, and mortality, all within the confines of just 14 lines.


Sonnets are characterized by their precise form and rhyme scheme, which vary depending on the type of sonnet. Here’s a closer look:

  • Shakespearean (English) Sonnet: Composed of three quatrains followed by a final couplet, with a rhyme scheme of ABABCDCDEFEFGG. This form often builds a complex argument or narrative, culminating in a powerful closing statement.
  • Petrarchan (Italian) Sonnet: Divided into an octave (eight lines) and a sestet (six lines), with a typical rhyme scheme of ABBAABBA for the octave, followed by various patterns in the sestet such as CDECDE or CDCDCD. The octave usually presents a problem, with the sestet providing a resolution.
  • Meter: Sonnets are traditionally written in iambic pentameter, which gives the poem a rhythmic and melodic quality that enhances its emotional impact.

The sonnet’s enduring appeal lies in its ability to condense complex emotions and ideas into a small but potent package, making it a favorite form for poets seeking to explore profound themes with precision and elegance.