Prologue to Doctor Faustus

By Algernon Charles Swinburne

    Light, as when dawn takes wing and smites the sea,     Smote England when his day bade Marlowe be.     No fire so keen had thrilled the clouds of time     Since Dante's breath made Italy sublime.     Earth, bright with flowers whose dew shone soft as tears,     Through Chaucer cast her charm on eyes and ears:     The lustrous laughter of the love-lit earth     Rang, leapt, and lightened in his might of mirth.     Deep moonlight, hallowing all the breathless air,     Made earth and heaven for Spenser faint and fair.     But song might bid not heaven and earth be one     Till Marlowe's voice gave warning of the sun.     Thought quailed and fluttered as a wounded bird     Till passion fledged the wing of Marlowe's word.     Faith born of fear bade hope and doubt be dumb     Till Marlowe's pride bade light or darkness come.     Then first our speech was thunder: then our song     Shot lightning through the clouds that wrought us wrong.     Blind fear, whose faith feeds hell with fire, became     A moth self-shrivelled in its own blind flame.     We heard, in tune with even our seas that roll,     The speech of storm, the thunders of the soul.     Men's passions, clothed with all the woes they wrought,     Shone through the fire of man's transfiguring thought.     The thirst of knowledge, quenchless at her springs,     Ambition, fire that clasps the thrones of kings,     Love, light that makes of life one lustrous hour,     And song, the soul's chief crown and throne of power,     The hungering heart of greed and ravenous hate,     Made music high as heaven and deep as fate.     Strange pity, scarce half scornful of her tear,     In Berkeley's vaults bowed down on Edward's bier.     But higher in forceful flight of song than all     The soul of man, its own imperious thrall,     Rose, when his royal spirit of fierce desire     Made life and death for man one flame of fire.     Incarnate man, fast bound as earth and sea,     Spake, when his pride would fain set Faustus free.     Eternal beauty, strong as day and night,     Shone, when his word bade Helen back to sight.     Fear, when he bowed the soul before her spell,     Thundered and lightened through the vaults of hell.     The music known of all men's tongues that sing,     When Marlowe sang, bade love make heaven of spring;     The music none but English tongues may make,     Our own sole song, spake first when Marlowe spake;     And on his grave, though there no stone may stand,     The flower it shows was laid by Shakespeare's hand.

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Poem Details

Language: English
Keywords: Public Domain
Source: Public Domain Collection
Rights/Permissions: Public Domain

Analysis & Notes:
This poem is a powerful celebration and elegy of the English playwright Christopher Marlowe, painting him as a transformative and almost divine figure in the world of literature. The poet uses the theme of light as a symbol for Marlowe's influence, with his birth described as the 'dawning' of a new era, and his voice 'warning of the sun.' This suggests that Marlowe brought radiance and clarity to the English language, fundamentally changing how it was understood and used. The poet also compares Marlowe to other literary legends such as Dante and Chaucer, highlighting his significant role in literary history.

The structure of the poem, with its regular rhymes and meter, gives it a rhythmic and almost musical quality, reflecting the poet's assertion that Marlowe 'made music high as heaven and deep as fate.' The use of rich, evocative imagery and metaphors throughout the poem further emphasizes the power of Marlowe's words. For instance, the line 'Men's passions, clothed with all the woes they wrought, shone through the fire of man's transfiguring thought' suggests that Marlowe's work brought to life the full spectrum of human emotion and experience. The poem ends with a poignant image of Shakespeare, another titan of English literature, laying a flower on Marlowe's grave, signifying the respect and admiration Marlowe commanded from his peers. Overall, the poem is a vivid and moving tribute to Marlowe's indelible impact on English literature.

Understanding Elegy

An elegy is a form of poetry that expresses sorrow or lamentation, often for someone who has died. This type of poetry serves as a tribute to the deceased, reflecting on their life and the grief left behind.


Elegies are deeply emotional and personal, exploring themes of loss, mourning, and remembrance. Here are some defining characteristics:

  • Mournful Tone: Elegies are characterized by a tone of sadness and reflection, as the poet grapples with the pain of loss.
  • Tribute to the Deceased: The subject of an elegy is often someone who has passed away, with the poem serving as a memorial that honors their life and legacy.
  • Personal Reflection: Elegies often include personal reflections on the impact of the deceased on the poet's life, as well as broader musings on mortality and the human condition.
  • Structure and Form: While elegies can vary in form, they often follow a traditional structure that includes an expression of grief, praise for the deceased, and a sense of consolation or acceptance.

From ancient times to the present, elegies have provided a way for poets to navigate the complexities of grief and loss, offering solace and a means of preserving the memory of those who have passed.