Pelagius

By Algernon Charles Swinburne

I.     The sea shall praise him and the shores bear part     That reared him when the bright south world was black     With fume of creeds more foul than hells own rack,     Still darkening more loves face with loveless art     Since Paul, faiths fervent Antichrist, of heart     Heroic, haled the world vehemently back     From Christs pure path on dire Jehovahs track,     And said to dark Elishas Lord, Thou art.     But one whose soul had put the raiment on     Of love that Jesus left with James and John     Withstood that Lord whose seals of love were lies,     Seeing what we see how, touched by Truths bright rod,     The fiend whom Jews and Africans called God     Feels his own hell take hold on him, and dies. II.     The world has no such flower in any land,     And no such pearl in any gulf the sea,     As any babe on any mothers knee.     But all things blessed of men by saints are banned:     God gives them grace to read and understand     The palimpsest of evil, writ where we,     Poor fools and lovers but of love, can see     Nought save a blessing signed by Loves own hand.     The smile that opens heaven on us for them     Hath sins transmitted birthmark hid therein:     The kiss it craves calls down from heaven a rod.     If innocence be sin that Gods condemn,     Praise we the men who so being born in sin     First dared the doom and broke the bonds of God. III.     Mans heel is on the Almightys neck who said,     Let there be hell, and there was hell on earth.     But not for that may men forget their worth     Nay, but much more remember them who led     The living first from dwellings of the dead,     And rent the cerecloths that were wont to engirth     Souls wrapped and swathed and swaddled from their birth     With lies that bound them fast from heel to head.     Among the tombs when wise men all their lives     Dwelt, and cried out, and cut themselves with knives,     These men, being foolish, and of saints abhorred,     Beheld in heaven the sun by saints reviled,     Love, and on earth one everlasting Lord     In every likeness of a little child.

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Poem Details

Language: English
Keywords: Public Domain
Source: Public Domain Collection
Rights/Permissions: Public Domain

Analysis & Notes:
This poem is a profound exploration of religious themes and the reinterpretation of divine figures. It presents a critical and somewhat blasphemous view of religious orthodoxy, particularly the Christian faith. The first stanza portrays the sea and shores as entities that laud a figure that stood against the damaging influence of religious dogmas, with references to Paul and Elishas's Lord suggesting a critique of historical Christian figures and beliefs. The tone is bold and defiant, interspersed with vivid imagery and metaphors.

The second and third stanzas shift the focus to the purity of love and the innocence of a newborn child, contrasting them with the strictures and sins associated with religious institutions. The pearl and flower metaphors underscore the value of innocent love, while the reference to the "birthmark" of sin signifies the poet's contention that religious doctrines often corrupt pure emotions. The poem ends with a powerful metaphor of mankind's dominance over the divine, reversing traditional religious hierarchies. The repeated use of imagery related to birth, death, and renewal emphasizes the cycle of life, free from divine interference. The structure of the poem, broken into three distinct parts, mirrors the journey from questioning established beliefs to the acceptance of humanistic values. The poem's language, while complex, is also deeply evocative, crafting a compelling narrative that challenges and redefines traditional perceptions of faith and divinity.

Understanding the Sonnet

The sonnet is one of the most enduring and celebrated forms of poetry, known for its strict structure and profound themes. With a history spanning centuries, sonnets have been used to explore love, beauty, politics, and mortality, all within the confines of just 14 lines.


Sonnets are characterized by their precise form and rhyme scheme, which vary depending on the type of sonnet. Here’s a closer look:

  • Shakespearean (English) Sonnet: Composed of three quatrains followed by a final couplet, with a rhyme scheme of ABABCDCDEFEFGG. This form often builds a complex argument or narrative, culminating in a powerful closing statement.
  • Petrarchan (Italian) Sonnet: Divided into an octave (eight lines) and a sestet (six lines), with a typical rhyme scheme of ABBAABBA for the octave, followed by various patterns in the sestet such as CDECDE or CDCDCD. The octave usually presents a problem, with the sestet providing a resolution.
  • Meter: Sonnets are traditionally written in iambic pentameter, which gives the poem a rhythmic and melodic quality that enhances its emotional impact.

The sonnet’s enduring appeal lies in its ability to condense complex emotions and ideas into a small but potent package, making it a favorite form for poets seeking to explore profound themes with precision and elegance.