On the Death of Richard Burton

By Algernon Charles Swinburne

    Night or light is it now, wherein     Sleeps, shut out from the wild world's din,     Wakes, alive with a life more clear,     One who found not on earth his kin?     Sleep were sweet for awhile, were dear     Surely to souls that were heartless here,     Souls that faltered and flagged and fell,     Soft of spirit and faint of cheer.     A living soul that had strength to quell     Hope the spectre and fear the spell,     Clear-eyed, content with a scorn sublime     And a faith superb, can it fare not well?     Life, the shadow of wide-winged time,     Cast from the wings that change as they climb,     Life may vanish in death, and seem     Less than the promise of last year's prime.     But not for us is the past a dream     Wherefrom, as light from a clouded stream,     Faith fades and shivers and ebbs away,     Faint as the moon if the sundawn gleam.     Faith, whose eyes in the low last ray     Watch the fire that renews the day,     Faith which lives in the living past,     Rock-rooted, swerves not as weeds that sway.     As trees that stand in the storm-wind fast     She stands, unsmitten of death's keen blast,     With strong remembrance of sunbright spring     Alive at heart to the lifeless last.     Night, she knows, may in no wise cling     To a soul that sinks not and droops not wing,     A sun that sets not in death's false night     Whose kingdom finds him not thrall but king.     Souls there are that for soul's affright     Bow down and cower in the sun's glad sight,     Clothed round with faith that is one with fear,     And dark with doubt of the live world's light.     But him we hailed from afar or near     As boldest born of the bravest here     And loved as brightest of souls that eyed     Life, time, and death with unchangeful cheer,     A wider soul than the world was wide,     Whose praise made love of him one with pride,     What part has death or has time in him,     Who rode life's lists as a god might ride?     While England sees not her old praise dim,     While still her stars through the world's night swim,     A fame outshining her Raleigh's fame,     A light that lightens her loud sea's rim,     Shall shine and sound as her sons proclaim     The pride that kindles at Burton's name.     And joy shall exalt their pride to be     The same in birth if in soul the same.     But we that yearn for a friend's face, we     Who lack the light that on earth was he,     Mourn, though the light be a quenchless flame     That shines as dawn on a tideless sea.

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Poem Details

Language: English
Keywords: Public Domain
Source: Public Domain Collection
Rights/Permissions: Public Domain

Analysis & Notes:
This poem is a profound contemplation of life, death, faith, and the enduring power of legacy. The poem's tone fluctuates between somber introspection and a resolute affirmation of the human spirit. The poet uses the dichotomy of night and light as metaphors for death and life, respectively, exploring the transformative process of life and the mystery of death, with a focus on the soul's journey beyond the physical world.

The structure of the poem, a series of rhymed quatrains, provides a rhythmic quality that underscores the cyclical nature of life and death. The poet repeatedly employs powerful metaphors and imagery, such as "Life, the shadow of wide-winged time," and "A wider soul than the world was wide," which enhance the poem's exploration of existential themes.

Moreover, the poem celebrates the power of faith and resilience in the face of life's adversities. It argues that while physical life may be transient, the impact one makes—a legacy—can become eternal in the collective memory, a "quenchless flame that shines as dawn on a tideless sea." This message is embodied in the enigmatic figure of Burton, who is presented as a beacon of courage and steadfastness, transcending mortal limitations.

The poem's lyrical strength, thematic depth, and its blend of personal grief with a universal meditation on life and death result in a profound poetic experience, resonating with the reader long after the initial reading. Its exploration of the enduring human spirit, even in the face of loss, also offers a sense of hope and resilience.

Understanding Elegy

An elegy is a form of poetry that expresses sorrow or lamentation, often for someone who has died. This type of poetry serves as a tribute to the deceased, reflecting on their life and the grief left behind.


Elegies are deeply emotional and personal, exploring themes of loss, mourning, and remembrance. Here are some defining characteristics:

  • Mournful Tone: Elegies are characterized by a tone of sadness and reflection, as the poet grapples with the pain of loss.
  • Tribute to the Deceased: The subject of an elegy is often someone who has passed away, with the poem serving as a memorial that honors their life and legacy.
  • Personal Reflection: Elegies often include personal reflections on the impact of the deceased on the poet's life, as well as broader musings on mortality and the human condition.
  • Structure and Form: While elegies can vary in form, they often follow a traditional structure that includes an expression of grief, praise for the deceased, and a sense of consolation or acceptance.

From ancient times to the present, elegies have provided a way for poets to navigate the complexities of grief and loss, offering solace and a means of preserving the memory of those who have passed.