On Lambs Specimens of Dramatic Poets - Sonnets

By Algernon Charles Swinburne

I.     If all the flowers of all the fields on earth     By wonder-working summer were made one,     Its fragrance were not sweeter in the sun,     Its treasure-house of leaves were not more worth     Than those wherefrom thy light of musing mirth     Shone, till each leaf whereon thy pen would run     Breathed life, and all its breath was benison.     Beloved beyond all names of English birth,     More dear than mightier memories; gentlest name     That ever clothed itself with flower-sweet fame,     Or linked itself with loftiest names of old     By right and might of loving; I, that am     Less than the least of those within thy fold,     Give only thanks for them to thee, Charles Lamb. II.     So many a year had borne its own bright bees     And slain them since thy honey-bees were hived,     John Day, in cells of flower-sweet verse contrived     So well with craft of moulding melodies,     Thy soul perchance in amaranth fields at ease     Thought not to hear the sound on earth revived     Of summer music from the spring derived     When thy song sucked the flower of flowering trees     But thine was not the chance of every day:     Time, after many a darkling hour, grew sunny,     And light between the clouds ere sunset swam,     Laughing, and kissed their darkness all away,     When, touched and tasted and approved, thy honey     Took subtler sweetness from the lips of Lamb.

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Poem Details

Language: English
Keywords: Public Domain
Source: Public Domain Collection
Rights/Permissions: Public Domain

Analysis & Notes:
This poem exudes a strong sense of admiration and veneration for a beloved figure, Charles Lamb, indicated through the use of rich floral imagery and reverent tone. The dominant theme appears to be the transcendence of art, specifically poetry, over time. The author uses the metaphor of flowers and bees to represent the beauty and sweetness of Lamb's artistic contributions, suggesting they possess an enduring, almost immortal quality.

The first stanza showers Lamb with praise, using nature as a metaphor for his poetic talent. His work is portrayed as more captivating than even the combined beauty of all summer flowers. The author then humbly places himself beneath Lamb, expressing gratitude for his inspiration. The second stanza extends the floral metaphor to bees, representing poets, who extract the 'nectar' from these 'flowers'. The poet John Day is mentioned, suggesting a lineage of poets who have, like bees, been influenced by the beauty of nature, and in turn influenced others. The poem ends with a beautiful idea that Lamb's recognition of Day's work gives it an even 'subtler sweetness'.

The structure of the poem is a Petrarchan sonnet, split into an octave and sestet. The octave presents a proposition or problem, and the sestet a resolution. Here, the octave praises Lamb's poetic prowess while the sestet extends the metaphor and introduces Day, ultimately demonstrating the cyclical nature of inspiration. The poem employs a formal, almost archaic language, and the use of iambic pentameter lends it a rhythmic, song-like quality.

Overall, the poem beautifully captures the power of poetry to immortalize ideas and individuals, and the ways in which artists inspire and influence one another across time.

Understanding the Sonnet

The sonnet is one of the most enduring and celebrated forms of poetry, known for its strict structure and profound themes. With a history spanning centuries, sonnets have been used to explore love, beauty, politics, and mortality, all within the confines of just 14 lines.


Sonnets are characterized by their precise form and rhyme scheme, which vary depending on the type of sonnet. Here’s a closer look:

  • Shakespearean (English) Sonnet: Composed of three quatrains followed by a final couplet, with a rhyme scheme of ABABCDCDEFEFGG. This form often builds a complex argument or narrative, culminating in a powerful closing statement.
  • Petrarchan (Italian) Sonnet: Divided into an octave (eight lines) and a sestet (six lines), with a typical rhyme scheme of ABBAABBA for the octave, followed by various patterns in the sestet such as CDECDE or CDCDCD. The octave usually presents a problem, with the sestet providing a resolution.
  • Meter: Sonnets are traditionally written in iambic pentameter, which gives the poem a rhythmic and melodic quality that enhances its emotional impact.

The sonnet’s enduring appeal lies in its ability to condense complex emotions and ideas into a small but potent package, making it a favorite form for poets seeking to explore profound themes with precision and elegance.