Before the Mirror

By Algernon Charles Swinburne

(VERSES WRITTEN UNDER A PICTURE.) INSCRIBED TO J. A. WHISTLER. I.     White rose in red rose-garden     Is not so white;     Snowdrops that plead for pardon     And pine for fright     Because the hard East blows     Over their maiden rows     Grow not as this face grows from pale to bright.     Behind the veil, forbidden,     Shut up from sight,     Love, is there sorrow hidden,     Is there delight?     Is joy thy dower or grief,     White rose of weary leaf,     Late rose whose life is brief, whose loves are light?     Soft snows that hard winds harden     Till each flake bite     Fill all the flowerless garden     Whose flowers took flight     Long since when summer ceased,     And men rose up from feast,     And warm west wind grew east, and warm day night. II.     Come snow, come wind or thunder     High up in air,     I watch my face, and wonder     At my bright hair;     Nought else exalts or grieves     The rose at heart, that heaves     With love of her own leaves and lips that pair.     She knows not loves that kissed her     She knows not where.     Art thou the ghost, my sister,     White sister there,     Am I the ghost, who knows?     My hand, a fallen rose,     Lies snow-white on white snows, and takes no care.     I cannot see what pleasures     Or what pains were;     What pale new loves and treasures     New years will bear;     What beam will fall, what shower,     What grief or joy for dower;     But one thing knows the flower; the flower is fair. III.     Glad, but not flushed with gladness,     Since joys go by;     Sad, but not bent with sadness,     Since sorrows die;     Deep in the gleaming glass     She sees all past things pass,     And all sweet life that was lie down and lie.     There glowing ghosts of flowers     Draw down, draw nigh;     And wings of swift spent hours     Take flight and fly;     She sees by formless gleams,     She hears across cold streams,     Dead mouths of many dreams that sing and sigh.     Face fallen and white throat lifted,     With sleepless eye     She sees old loves that drifted,     She knew not why,     Old loves and faded fears     Float down a stream that hears     The flowing of all mens tears beneath the sky.

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Poem Details

Language: English
Keywords: Public Domain
Source: Public Domain Collection
Rights/Permissions: Public Domain

Analysis & Notes:
This powerful poem is a profound meditation on the transient nature of life, love, and beauty. The poem employs a rich tapestry of nature imagery, primarily using the symbol of the white rose to represent purity, innocence, and ephemeral beauty. The contrast between the white rose and the red rose-garden speaks to themes of individuality and the struggle of maintaining purity in a world that constantly threatens it. The transition from "pale to bright," perhaps suggests the process of gaining wisdom or experience, or the inevitable loss of innocence.

The poem is divided into three parts, each contributing to an overarching narrative of reflection and introspection. The first part introduces the white rose and its struggles in the harsh winter, potentially symbolizing the hardships one faces in life. The second part delves into self-awareness, questioning identity and the passing of time, with a realization of the fleeting nature of both pain and pleasure. The final part encapsulates an acceptance of life's transience, acknowledging both the joy and sorrow that have come to pass, resulting in a sense of serene acceptance.

Throughout the poem, the poet masterfully employs various literary techniques such as personification, as seen with the rose and the snowdrops, and alliteration, to create a rhythmic and harmonious flow. The poet also uses paradoxical phrases such as "Glad, but not flushed with gladness" and "Sad, but not bent with sadness," which effectively convey the complex emotions that come with understanding life's ephemeral nature. Overall, the poem is a beautifully poignant exploration of the human condition, evoking contemplation on the fleeting nature of life, love, and beauty.

Exploring Lyric Poetry

Lyric poetry is a powerful and intimate form of expression, characterized by its focus on the personal emotions and thoughts of the poet. Often musical in nature, lyric poems resonate with readers through their vivid language and rhythmic flow, capturing moments of intense feeling.


Here are some key characteristics that define lyric poetry:

  • Expressive Language: Lyric poems use rich and evocative language to convey deep emotions, often painting a vivid picture of the poet's inner world.
  • Personal Perspective: Typically written in the first person, these poems offer a window into the poet's personal experiences, thoughts, and reflections.
  • Musicality: Lyric poems often feature a rhythmic structure, with meter and rhyme that give them a song-like quality, enhancing the emotional impact.

From ancient odes to contemporary free verse, lyric poetry remains a beloved and enduring form, celebrated for its ability to articulate the nuances of human emotion in a way that resonates deeply with readers.