Before a Crucifix

By Algernon Charles Swinburne

    Here, down between the dusty trees,     At this lank edge of haggard wood,     Women with labour-loosened knees,     With gaunt backs bowed by servitude,     Stop, shift their loads, and pray, and fare     Forth with souls easier for the prayer.     The suns have branded black, the rains     Striped grey this piteous God of theirs;     The face is full of prayers and pains,     To which they bring their pains and prayers;     Lean limbs that shew the labouring bones,     And ghastly mouth that gapes and groans.     God of this grievous people, wrought     After the likeness of their race,     By faces like thine own besought,     Thine own blind helpless eyeless face,     I too, that have nor tongue nor knee     For prayer, I have a word to thee.     It was for this then, that thy speech     Was blown about the world in flame     And mens souls shot up out of reach     Of fear or lust or thwarting shame     That thy faith over souls should pass     As sea-winds burning the grey grass?     It was for this, that prayers like these     Should spend themselves about thy feet,     And with hard overlaboured knees     Kneeling, these slaves of men should beat     Bosoms too lean to suckle sons     And fruitless as their orisons?     It was for this, that men should make     Thy name a fetter on mens necks,     Poor mens made poorer for thy sake,     And womens withered out of sex?     It was for this, that slaves should be,     Thy word was passed to set men free?     The nineteenth wave of the ages rolls     Now deathward since thy death and birth.     Hast thou fed full mens starved-out souls?     Hast thou brought freedom upon earth?     Or are there less oppressions done     In this wild world under the sun?     Nay, if indeed thou be not dead,     Before thy terrene shrine be shaken,     Look down, turn usward, bow thine head;     O thou that wast of God forsaken,     Look on thine household here, and see     These that have not forsaken thee.     Thy faith is fire upon their lips,     Thy kingdom golden in their hands;     They scourge us with thy words for whips,     They brand us with thy words for brands;     The thirst that made thy dry throat shrink     To their moist mouths commends the drink.     The toothed thorns that bit thy brows     Lighten the weight of gold on theirs;     Thy nakedness enrobes thy spouse     With the soft sanguine stuff she wears     Whose old limbs use for ointment yet     Thine agony and bloody sweat.     The blinding buffets on thine head     On their crowned heads confirm the crown;     Thy scourging dyes their raiment red,     And with thy bands they fasten down     For burial in the blood-bought field     The nations by thy stripes unhealed.     With iron for thy linen bands     And unclean cloths for winding-sheet     They bind the peoples nail-pierced hands,     They hide the peoples nail-pierced feet;     And what man or what angel known     Shall roll back the sepulchral stone?     But these have not the rich mans grave     To sleep in when their pain is done.     These were not fit for God to save.     As naked hell-fire is the sun     In their eyes living, and when dead     These have not where to lay their head.     They have no tomb to dig, and hide;     Earth is not theirs, that they should sleep.     On all these tombless crucified     No lovers eyes have time to weep.     So still, for all mans tears and creeds,     The sacred body hangs and bleeds.     Through the left hand a nail is driven,     Faith, and another through the right,     Forged in the fires of hell and heaven,     Fear that puts out the eye of light:     And the feet soiled and scarred and pale     Are pierced with falsehood for a nail.     And priests against the mouth divine     Push their sponge full of poison yet     And bitter blood for myrrh and wine,     And on the same reed is it set     Wherewith before they buffeted     The peoples disanointed head.     O sacred head, O desecrate,     O labour-wounded feet and hands,     O blood poured forth in pledge to fate     Of nameless lives in divers lands,     O slain and spent and sacrificed     People, the grey-grown speechless Christ!     Is there a gospel in the red     Old witness of thy wide-mouthed wounds?     From thy blind stricken tongueless head     What desolate evangel sounds     A hopeless note of hope deferred?     What word, if there be any word?     O son of man, beneath mans feet     Cast down, O common face of man     Whereon all blows and buffets meet,     O royal, O republican     Face of the people bruised and dumb     And longing till thy kingdom come!     The soldiers and the high priests part     Thy vesture: all thy days are priced,     And all the nights that eat thine heart.     And that one seamless coat of Christ,     The freedom of the natural soul,     They cast their lots for to keep whole.     No fragment of it save the name     They leave thee for a crown of scorns     Wherewith to mock thy naked shame     And forehead bitten through with thorns     And, marked with sanguine sweat and tears,     The stripes of eighteen hundred years     And we seek yet if God or man     Can loosen thee as Lazarus,     Bid thee rise up republican     And save thyself and all of us;     But no disciples tongue can say     When thou shalt take our sins away.     And mouldering now and hoar with moss     Between us and the sunlight swings     The phantom of a Christless cross     Shadowing the sheltered heads of kings     And making with its moving shade     The souls of harmless men afraid.     It creaks and rocks to left and right     Consumed of rottenness and rust,     Worm-eaten of the worms of night,     Dead as their spirits who put trust,     Round its base muttering as they sit,     In the time-cankered name of it.     Thou, in the day that breaks thy prison,     People, though these men take thy name,     And hail and hymn thee rearisen,     Who made songs erewhile of thy shame,     Give thou not ear; for these are they     Whose good day was thine evil day.     Set not thine hand unto their cross.     Give not thy soul up sacrificed.     Change not the gold of faith for dross     Of Christian creeds that spit on Christ.     Let not thy tree of freedom be     Regrafted from that rotting tree.     This dead God here against my face     Hath help for no man; who hath seen     The good works of it, or such grace     As thy grace in it, Nazarene,     As that from thy live lips which ran     For mans sake, O thou son of man?     The tree of faith ingraffed by priests     Puts its foul foliage out above thee,     And round it feed man-eating beasts     Because of whom we dare not love thee;     Though hearts reach back and memories ache,     We cannot praise thee for their sake.     O hidden face of man, whereover     The years have woven a viewless veil,     If thou wast verily mans lover,     What did thy love or blood avail?     Thy blood the priests make poison of,     And in gold shekels coin thy love.     So when our souls look back to thee     They sicken, seeing against thy side,     Too foul to speak of or to see,     The leprous likeness of a bride,     Whose kissing lips through his lips grown     Leave their God rotten to the bone.     When we would see thee man, and know     What heart thou hadst toward men indeed,     Lo, thy blood-blackened altars; lo,     The lips of priests that pray and feed     While their own hells worm curls and licks     The poison of the crucifix.     Thou badst let children come to thee;     What children now but curses come?     What manhood in that God can be     Who sees their worship, and is dumb?     No soul that lived, loved, wrought, and died,     Is this their carrion crucified.     Nay, if their God and thou be one,     If thou and this thing be the same,     Thou shouldst not look upon the sun;     The sun grows haggard at thy name.     Come down, be done with, cease, give oer;     Hide thyself, strive not, be no more.

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Poem Details

Language: English
Keywords: Public Domain
Source: Public Domain Collection
Rights/Permissions: Public Domain

Analysis & Notes:
This lengthy poem is a profound meditation on the themes of faith, oppression, and the struggle of the human spirit. The poet paints a picture of a world marked by suffering and despair, where the plight of the common people is juxtaposed against an indifferent or helpless divine entity. It's a bold critique of religion, or perhaps more specifically, the misuse of religion as a tool of oppression, conveying a sense of disillusionment and betrayal.

The poem is structured in a series of poignant questions and reflections, each stanza further deepening the exploration of these themes. The tone is solemn and melancholic, marked by a strong sense of dissatisfaction and longing for justice. The poet uses evocative imagery and vivid metaphors, such as the repeated reference to the crucifixion, to draw parallels between the suffering of the people and the suffering of Christ. This serves to highlight the hypocrisy of those who use religion to oppress others while claiming to follow a figure who himself was a victim of oppression.

The poem's strength lies in its unflinching honesty and its passionate plea for freedom and justice. It challenges the reader to question their own beliefs and the structures of power that exist in society. It is a potent call to action, urging us to reject oppression and strive for a world that is free and just. Despite its somber tone, the poem carries an underlying current of hope, a belief in the potential for change and the indomitable spirit of humanity.

Understanding Elegy

An elegy is a form of poetry that expresses sorrow or lamentation, often for someone who has died. This type of poetry serves as a tribute to the deceased, reflecting on their life and the grief left behind.


Elegies are deeply emotional and personal, exploring themes of loss, mourning, and remembrance. Here are some defining characteristics:

  • Mournful Tone: Elegies are characterized by a tone of sadness and reflection, as the poet grapples with the pain of loss.
  • Tribute to the Deceased: The subject of an elegy is often someone who has passed away, with the poem serving as a memorial that honors their life and legacy.
  • Personal Reflection: Elegies often include personal reflections on the impact of the deceased on the poet's life, as well as broader musings on mortality and the human condition.
  • Structure and Form: While elegies can vary in form, they often follow a traditional structure that includes an expression of grief, praise for the deceased, and a sense of consolation or acceptance.

From ancient times to the present, elegies have provided a way for poets to navigate the complexities of grief and loss, offering solace and a means of preserving the memory of those who have passed.