After Looking into Carlyles Reminiscences - Sonnets

By Algernon Charles Swinburne

I.     Three men lived yet when this dead man was young     Whose names and words endure for ever one:     Whose eyes grew dim with straining toward the sun,     And his wings weakened, and his angels tongue     Lost half the sweetest song was ever sung,     But like the strain half uttered earth hears none,     Nor shall man hear till all mens songs are done:     One whose clear spirit like an eagle hung     Between the mountains hallowed by his love     And the sky stainless as his soul above:     And one the sweetest heart that ever spake     The brightest words wherein sweet wisdom smiled.     These deathless names by this dead snake denied     Bid memory spit upon him for their sake. II.     Sweet heart, forgive me for thine own sweet sake,     Whose kind blithe soul such seas of sorrow swam,     And for my loves sake, powerless as I am     For love to praise thee, or like thee to make     Music of mirth where hearts less pure would break,     Less pure than thine, our life-unspotted Lamb.     Things hatefullest thou hadst not heart to damn,     Nor wouldst have set thine heel on this dead snake.     Let worms consume its memory with its tongue,     The fang that stabbed fair Truth, the lip that stung     Mens memories uncorroded with its breath.     Forgive me, that with bitter words like his     I mix the gentlest English name that is,     The tenderest held of all that know not death.

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Poem Details

Language: English
Keywords: Public Domain
Source: Public Domain Collection
Rights/Permissions: Public Domain

Analysis & Notes:
This poem, divided into two distinct parts, is a rich exploration of the themes of legacy, memory and the power of words. The first section opens with a reflection on three enduring figures, identified by their lasting words and names. Their influence is depicted through sublime imagery, indicating they have ascended to an almost divine status. This contrast with the "dead man"—presumably a negative figure whose influence waned as he aged—effectively highlights the lasting impact of virtuous actions and words.

The second part shifts the tone to one of forgiveness and a plea for understanding. The speaker appears to be addressing a beloved figure, whose resilience and purity are praised. The 'dead snake' from the first part is referenced again, suggesting the enduring bitterness of its legacy. Despite the venomous memory, the speaker urges for forgiveness. This juxtaposition between the revered figures and the detested 'snake' emphasizes the poem's central theme of legacy, with the final lines underscoring the power of gentle words and names that "know not death". The structure of the poem reinforces its themes, using the two-part form to contrast the enduring legacy of virtuous figures with the fading memory of the malicious. The use of metaphors and imagery are particularly standout, lending depth to the poem's exploration of its themes.

Understanding the Sonnet

The sonnet is one of the most enduring and celebrated forms of poetry, known for its strict structure and profound themes. With a history spanning centuries, sonnets have been used to explore love, beauty, politics, and mortality, all within the confines of just 14 lines.


Sonnets are characterized by their precise form and rhyme scheme, which vary depending on the type of sonnet. Here’s a closer look:

  • Shakespearean (English) Sonnet: Composed of three quatrains followed by a final couplet, with a rhyme scheme of ABABCDCDEFEFGG. This form often builds a complex argument or narrative, culminating in a powerful closing statement.
  • Petrarchan (Italian) Sonnet: Divided into an octave (eight lines) and a sestet (six lines), with a typical rhyme scheme of ABBAABBA for the octave, followed by various patterns in the sestet such as CDECDE or CDCDCD. The octave usually presents a problem, with the sestet providing a resolution.
  • Meter: Sonnets are traditionally written in iambic pentameter, which gives the poem a rhythmic and melodic quality that enhances its emotional impact.

The sonnet’s enduring appeal lies in its ability to condense complex emotions and ideas into a small but potent package, making it a favorite form for poets seeking to explore profound themes with precision and elegance.