A Word for the Country

By Algernon Charles Swinburne

    Men, born of the land that for ages     Has been honoured where freedom was dear,     Till your labour wax fat on its wages     You shall never be peers of a peer.     Where might is, the right is:     Long purses make strong swords.     Let weakness learn meekness:     God save the House of Lords!     You are free to consume in stagnation:     You are equal in right to obey:     You are brothers in bonds, and the nation     Is your mother, whose sons are her prey.     Those others your brothers,     Who toil not, weave, nor till,     Refuse you and use you     As waiters on their will.     But your fathers bowed down to their masters     And obeyed them and served and adored.     Shall the sheep not give thanks to their pastors?     Shall the serf not give praise to his lord?     Time, waning and gaining,     Grown other now than then,     Needs pastors and masters     For sheep, and not for men.     If his grandsire did service in battle,     If his grandam was kissed by a king,     Must men to my lord be as cattle     Or as apes that he leads in a string?     To deem so, to dream so,     Would bid the world proclaim     The dastards for bastards,     Not heirs of Englands fame.     Not in spite but in right of dishonour,     There are actors who trample your boards     Till the earth that endures you upon her     Grows weary to bear you, my lords.     Your token is broken,     It will not pass for gold:     Your glory looks hoary,     Your sun in heaven turns cold.     They are worthy to reign on their brothers,     To contemn them as clods and as carles,     Who are Graces by grace of such mothers     As brightened the bed of King Charles.     What manner of banner,     What fame is this they flaunt,     That Britain, soul-smitten,     Should shrink before their vaunt?     Bright sons of sublime prostitution,     You are made of the mire of the street     Where your grandmothers walked in pollution     Till a coronet shone at their feet.     Your Graces, whose faces     Bear high the bastards brand,     Seem stronger no longer     Than all this honest land.     But the sons of her soldiers and seamen,     They are worthy forsooth of their hire.     If the father won praise from all free men,     Shall the sons not exult in their sire?     Let money make sunny     And power make proud their lives,     And feed them and breed them     Like drones in drowsiest hives.     But if haply the name be a burden     And the souls be no kindred of theirs,     Should wise men rejoice in such guerdon     Or brave men exult in such heirs?     Or rather the father     Frown, shamefaced, on the son,     And no men but foemen,     Deriding, cry Well done?     Let the gold and the land they inherit     Pass ever from hand into hand:     In right of the forefathers merit     Let the gold be the sons, and the land.     Soft raiment, rich payment,     High place, the state affords;     Full measure of pleasure,     But now no more, my lords.     Is the future beleaguered with dangers     If the poor be far other than slaves?     Shall the sons of the land be as strangers     In the land of their forefathers graves?     Shame were it to bear it,     And shame it were to see:     If free men you be, men,     Let proof proclaim you free.     But democracy means dissolution:     See, laden with clamour and crime,     How the darkness of dim revolution     Comes deepening the twilight of time!     Ah, better the fetter     That holds the poor mans hand     Than peril of sterile     Blind change that wastes the land.     Gaze forward through clouds that environ;     It shall be as it was in the past.     Not with dreams, but with blood and with iron,     Shall a nation be moulded to last.     So teach they, so preach they,     Who dream themselves the dream     That hallows the gallows     And bids the scaffold stream.     With a hero at head, and a nation     Well gagged and well drilled and well cowed,     And a gospel of war and damnation,     Has not empire a right to be proud?     Fools prattle and tattle     Of freedom, reason, right,     The beauty of duty,     The loveliness of light.     But we know, we believe it, we see it,     Force only has power upon earth.     So be it! and ever so be it     For souls that are bestial by birth!     Let Prussian with Russian     Exchange the kiss of slaves:     But sea-folk are free folk     By grace of winds and waves.     Has the past from the sepulchres beckoned?     Let answer from Englishmen be,     No man shall be lord of us reckoned     Who is baser, not better, than we.     No coward, empowered     To soil a brave mans name;     For shames sake and fames sake,     Enough of fame and shame.     Fame needs not the golden addition;     Shame bears it abroad as a brand.     Let the deed, and no more the tradition,     Speak out and be heard through the land.     Pride, rootless and fruitless,     No longer takes and gives:     But surer and purer     The soul of England lives.     He is master and lord of his brothers     Who is worthier and wiser than they.     Him only, him surely, shall others,     Else equal, observe and obey.     Truth, flawless and awless,     Do falsehood what it can,     Makes royal the loyal     And simple heart of man.     Who are these, then, that England should hearken,     Who rage and wax wroth and grow pale     If she turn from the sunsets that darken     And her ship for the morning set sail?     Let strangers fear dangers:     All know, that hold her dear,     Dishonour upon her     Can only fall through fear.     Men, born of the landsmen and seamen     Who served her with souls and with swords,     She bids you be brothers, and free men,     And lordless, and fearless of lords.     She cares not, she dares not     Care now for gold or steel:     Light lead her, truth speed her,     God save the Commonweal!

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Poem Details

Language: English
Keywords: Public Domain
Source: Public Domain Collection
Rights/Permissions: Public Domain

Analysis & Notes:
This lengthy, passionate and rhetorical poem is a powerful exploration of social hierarchy, class struggle, and the value of human dignity. The poem touches on themes of inequality, inherited wealth and power, and the potential for societal change. It is a critique of the established order and a call to action for a fairer society.

The poem's tone is both indignant and hopeful, as the author seems to be addressing the working class, encouraging them to rise against the nobility. The repetition of "lords" and the emphasis on the unfairness of inherited power and wealth is a clear criticism of the aristocratic system. The repeated line "God save the House of Lords!" is a sarcastic commentary on the power structure, implying a desire for its disruption.

The structure of the poem is complex, with varying stanza lengths and rhyme schemes. This irregularity could reflect the tumultuous nature of societal change and the struggle for equality. There is a strong use of rhetorical questions throughout the poem, which serve to involve the reader and encourage contemplation of the issues discussed.

Standout literary devices include repetition and irony. The repetitive use of "my lords" is biting and subversive, while the phrase "You are free to consume in stagnation" is deeply ironic, suggesting the false freedom offered to the working class. Overall, this poem is a bold interrogation of societal norms and a rallying cry for justice and equality.

Understanding Satirical Poetry

Satirical poems use wit, irony, exaggeration, and ridicule to expose folly—personal, social, or political. The aim isn’t just laughter: it’s critique that nudges readers toward insight or change.


Common characteristics of satirical poetry:

  • Targeted Critique: Focuses on specific behaviors, institutions, or ideas—often timely, sometimes timeless.
  • Tools of Irony: Uses sarcasm, parody, understatement, and hyperbole to sharpen the point.
  • Voice & Persona: Speakers may be unreliable or exaggerated to reveal contradictions and hypocrisy.
  • Form Flexibility: Appears in couplets, tercets, quatrains, blank verse, or free verse—music serves the mockery.
  • Moral Pressure: Beneath the humor lies ethical pressure—satire seeks reform, not merely amusement.
  • Public & Personal: Can lampoon public figures and trends or needle private vanities and everyday pretenses.

The best satire balances bite with craft: memorable lines that entertain while revealing the gap between how things are and how they ought to be.