A Sequence of Sonnets on the Death of Robert Browning

By Algernon Charles Swinburne

I     The clearest eyes in all the world they read     With sense more keen and spirit of sight more true     Than burns and thrills in sunrise, when the dew     Flames, and absorbs the glory round it shed,     As they the light of ages quick and dead,     Closed now, forsake us: yet the shaft that slew     Can slay not one of all the works we knew,     Nor death discrown that many-laurelled head.     The works of words whose life seems lightning wrought,     And moulded of unconquerable thought,     And quickened with imperishable flame,     Stand fast and shine and smile, assured that nought     May fade of all their myriad-moulded fame,     Nor England's memory clasp not Browning's name. December 13, 1889. II     Death, what hast thou to do with one for whom     Time is not lord, but servant? What least part     Of all the fire that fed his living heart,     Of all the light more keen than sundawn's bloom     That lit and led his spirit, strong as doom     And bright as hope, can aught thy breath may dart     Quench? Nay, thou knowest he knew thee what thou art,     A shadow born of terror's barren womb,     That brings not forth save shadows. What art thou,     To dream, albeit thou breathe upon his brow,     That power on him is given thee, that thy breath     Can make him less than love acclaims him now,     And hears all time sound back the word it saith?     What part hast thou then in his glory, Death? III     A graceless doom it seems that bids us grieve:     Venice and winter, hand in deadly hand,     Have slain the lover of her sunbright strand     And singer of a stormbright Christmas Eve.     A graceless guerdon we that loved receive     For all our love, from that the dearest land     Love worshipped ever. Blithe and soft and bland,     Too fair for storm to scathe or fire to cleave,     Shone on our dreams and memories evermore     The domes, the towers, the mountains and the shore     That gird or guard thee, Venice: cold and black     Seems now the face we loved as he of yore.     We have given thee love, no stint, no stay, no lack:     What gift, what gift is this thou hast given us back? IV     But he, to him, who knows what gift is thine,     Death? Hardly may we think or hope, when we     Pass likewise thither where to-night is he,     Beyond the irremeable outer seas that shine     And darken round such dreams as half divine     Some sunlit harbour in that starless sea     Where gleams no ship to windward or to lee,     To read with him the secret of thy shrine.     There too, as here, may song, delight, and love,     The nightingale, the sea-bird, and the dove,     Fulfil with joy the splendour of the sky     Till all beneath wax bright as all above:     But none of all that search the heavens, and try     The sun, may match the sovereign eagle's eye. December 14. V     Among the wondrous ways of men and time     He went as one that ever found and sought     And bore in hand the lamplike spirit of thought     To illume with instance of its fire sublime     The dusk of many a cloudlike age and clime.     No spirit in shape of light and darkness wrought,     No faith, no fear, no dream, no rapture, nought     That blooms in wisdom, nought that burns in crime,     No virtue girt and armed and helmed with light,     No love more lovely than the snows are white,     No serpent sleeping in some dead soul's tomb,     No song-bird singing from some live soul's height,     But he might hear, interpret, or illume     With sense invasive as the dawn of doom. VI     What secret thing of splendour or of shade     Surmised in all those wandering ways wherein     Man, led of love and life and death and sin,     Strays, climbs, or cowers, allured, absorbed, afraid,     Might not the strong and sunlike sense invade     Of that full soul that had for aim to win     Light, silent over time's dark toil and din,     Life, at whose touch death fades as dead things fade?     O spirit of man, what mystery moves in thee     That he might know not of in spirit, and see     The heart within the heart that seems to strive,     The life within the life that seems to be,     And hear, through all thy storms that whirl and drive,     The living sound of all men's souls alive? VII     He held no dream worth waking: so he said,     He who stands now on death's triumphal steep,     Awakened out of life wherein we sleep     And dream of what he knows and sees, being dead.     But never death for him was dark or dread:     "Look forth" he bade the soul, and fear not. Weep,     All ye that trust not in his truth, and keep     Vain memory's vision of a vanished head     As all that lives of all that once was he     Save that which lightens from his word: but we,     Who, seeing the sunset-coloured waters roll,     Yet know the sun subdued not of the sea,     Nor weep nor doubt that still the spirit is whole,     And life and death but shadows of the soul. December 15.

Share & Analyze This Poem

Spread the beauty of poetry or dive deeper into analysis

Analyze This Poem

Discover the literary devices, structure, and deeper meaning

Create Image

Transform this poem into a beautiful shareable image

Copy to Clipboard

Save this poem for personal use or sharing offline


Share the Love of Poetry

Poem Details

Language: English
Keywords: Public Domain
Source: Public Domain Collection
Rights/Permissions: Public Domain

Analysis & Notes:
The poem in question is a profound reflection on mortality, legacy, and the power of the creative spirit, particularly the power of words. It is composed in a series of sonnets, a traditional form often used to explore deep emotional or philosophical themes. This structure gives the poem a sense of continuity and progression, with each sonnet building on the ideas of those before it.

The central motif is the comparison of a great individual (presumably a writer, given the focus on words and 'the light of ages') to the sun, a symbol of light, life, and enduring power. This individual's words, like the sun, imbue the world with light and meaning. Death is portrayed not as an ending, but as a transition into a different state of existence, where the individual's influence continues to be felt. This theme is brought to life through vivid, evocative imagery, such as 'sunrise, when the dew/ Flames, and absorbs the glory round it shed,' and through the use of metaphor, as when death is described as a 'shadow born of terror's barren womb.'

The tone of the poem is one of reverence and admiration for the individual whose death it mourns, but also of defiance in the face of death and loss. The poet asserts that the creative spirit and its output can transcend mortality, a message that is both uplifting and thought-provoking. The poem's language is richly poetic and dense with allusion and metaphor, making it a rewarding, if challenging, read.

In conclusion, this poem is a striking meditation on the enduring power of creativity and the ability of words to outlive their creators. Its rich imagery, thoughtful exploration of mortality, and sophisticated use of the sonnet form make it a compelling piece of poetry.

Understanding Elegy

An elegy is a form of poetry that expresses sorrow or lamentation, often for someone who has died. This type of poetry serves as a tribute to the deceased, reflecting on their life and the grief left behind.


Elegies are deeply emotional and personal, exploring themes of loss, mourning, and remembrance. Here are some defining characteristics:

  • Mournful Tone: Elegies are characterized by a tone of sadness and reflection, as the poet grapples with the pain of loss.
  • Tribute to the Deceased: The subject of an elegy is often someone who has passed away, with the poem serving as a memorial that honors their life and legacy.
  • Personal Reflection: Elegies often include personal reflections on the impact of the deceased on the poet's life, as well as broader musings on mortality and the human condition.
  • Structure and Form: While elegies can vary in form, they often follow a traditional structure that includes an expression of grief, praise for the deceased, and a sense of consolation or acceptance.

From ancient times to the present, elegies have provided a way for poets to navigate the complexities of grief and loss, offering solace and a means of preserving the memory of those who have passed.