A Midsummer Holiday:- VI. The Cliffside Path

By Algernon Charles Swinburne

    Seaward goes the sun, and homeward by the down     We, before the night upon his grave be sealed.     Low behind us lies the bright steep murmuring town,     High before us heaves the steep rough silent field.     Breach by ghastlier breach, the cliffs collapsing yield:     Half the path is broken, half the banks divide;     Flawed and crumbled, riven and rent, they cleave and slide     Toward the ridged and wrinkled waste of girdling sand     Deep beneath, whose furrows tell how far and wide     Wind is lord and change is sovereign of the strand.     Star by star on the unsunned waters twiring down.     Golden spear-points glance against a silver shield.     Over banks and bents, across the headlands crown,     As by pulse of gradual plumes through twilight wheeled,     Soft as sleep, the waking wind awakes the weald.     Moor and copse and fallow, near or far descried.     Feel the mild wings move, and gladden where they glide:     Silence, uttering love that all things understand,     Bids the quiet fields forget that hard beside     Wind is lord and change is sovereign of the strand.     Yet may sight, ere all the hoar soft shade grow brown,     Hardly reckon half the lifts and rents unhealed     Where the scarred cliffs downward sundering drive and drown,     Hewn as if with stroke of swords in tempest steeled,     Wielded as the nights will and the winds may wield.     Crowned and zoned in vain with flowers of autumn-tide,     Soon the blasts shall break them, soon the waters hide,     Soon, where late we stood, shall no man ever stand.     Life and love seek harbourage on the landward side:     Wind is lord and change is sovereign of the strand.     Friend, though man be less than these, for all his pride,     Yet, for all his weakness, shall not hope abide?     Wind and change can wreck but life and waste but land:     Truth and trust are sure, though here till all subside     Wind is lord and change is sovereign of the strand.

Share & Analyze This Poem

Spread the beauty of poetry or dive deeper into analysis

Analyze This Poem

Discover the literary devices, structure, and deeper meaning

Copy to Clipboard

Save this poem for personal use or sharing offline


Share the Love of Poetry

Poem Details

Language: English
Keywords: Public Domain
Source: Public Domain Collection
Rights/Permissions: Public Domain

Analysis & Notes:
This poem is a profound reflection on the transience of life, the power of nature, and the resilience of hope. Its recurring theme is the supremacy of wind and change over the strand, or beach, symbolizing the constant flux and impermanence in life. The poem captures the dichotomy of natural beauty and destruction, using the collapsing cliffs as a metaphor for vulnerability in the face of existential threats.

The poem follows a structured pattern, depicting the sunset, twilight, and the impending dark. This progression mirrors the human life cycle from youth to old age, evoking a somber tone. The use of vivid imagery and personification, such as "wind awakes the weald" and "silence, uttering love," adds depth and brings the landscape to life. The poet's choice of words such as "ghastlier," "flawed," "crumbled," and "riven" conveys the harsh and relentless aspect of nature.

In contrast to the relentless forces of nature, the poet introduces the resilience of hope in the last stanza. Despite man's pride and weakness, hope persists. This shift in tone offers a comforting perspective, a reassurance that even amidst life's tumultuous storms, there is a refuge in the enduring power of truth and trust. The poem thus echoes the existential struggle and the human capacity to endure, resonating with the universality of these experiences.

Understanding Ballads

A ballad is a form of verse, often a narrative set to music, that has been a cornerstone of storytelling across various cultures. Traditionally passed down orally, ballads are known for their rhythmic structure and often tell tales of love, adventure, and heroism.


Ballads are characterized by their strong rhythm and repetition, making them both memorable and engaging. Here are some defining features:

  • Narrative Structure: Ballads typically tell a story, often a dramatic or emotional tale that unfolds in a straightforward, chronological order.
  • Quatrain Stanzas: Most ballads are composed of quatrains (four-line stanzas) with a rhyme scheme of ABAB or ABCB, which adds to the musicality of the verse.
  • Repetition: Refrains or repeated lines are common in ballads, helping to emphasize key themes or emotions and making the ballad easier to remember.
  • Oral Tradition: Many ballads originated from oral traditions, which means they were passed down through generations by word of mouth before being written down.

From medieval minstrels to contemporary songwriters, ballads have continued to evolve, remaining a beloved form of expression that captures the human experience in a way that is both poetic and accessible.