A Landscape

By Algernon Charles Swinburne

    Low lies the mere beneath the moorside, still     And glad of silence:    down the wood sweeps clear     To the utmost verge where fed with many a rill     Low lies the mere.     The wind speaks only summer:    eye nor ear     Sees aught at all of dark, hears aught of shrill,     From sound or shadow felt or fancied here.     Strange, as we praise the dead man's might and skill,     Strange that harsh thoughts should make such heavy cheer,     While, clothed with peace by heaven's most gentle will,     Low lies the mere.

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Poem Details

Language: English
Keywords: Public Domain
Source: Public Domain Collection
Rights/Permissions: Public Domain

Analysis & Notes:
This poem is a thoughtful meditation on nature, mortality, and the profound tranquility one finds in solitude. The poet's description of the serene mere (a lake or pond), nestled beneath the moors and teeming with rills, sets a tone of peace and tranquility that pervades the entire piece. This peaceful scene is contrasted with the intrusion of 'harsh thoughts' and the mention of a 'dead man's might and skill,' introducing themes of mortality and human endeavor.

The poem is structured in quatrains, each line written in iambic tetrameter, lending a rhythmic, pulsating beat that mimics the calming flow of the mere and the rills. The refrain, 'Low lies the mere,' bookends the poem, reinforcing the central image and its associated tranquility.

The poet utilizes various literary devices to heighten the sensory experience. There is a rich use of sibilance ('still', 'silence', 'sweeps', 'sees', 'sound', 'shadow', 'strange', 'skill') throughout the poem which mirrors the soothing sounds of nature, enhancing the serene atmosphere. The juxtaposition of the peaceful mere with 'harsh thoughts' effectively communicates the human struggle against nature's indifference, and the solace one seeks in its beauty. The poet's choice to maintain a summer setting also denotes a time of flourishing life, which starkly contrasts the concept of death, hence amplifying the existential contemplations within the poem.

Understanding Rondeau

A rondeau is a fixed French form built on two rhymes and a repeating refrain (the rentrement). Its musical return gives the poem a memorable circularity.


Core characteristics of the rondeau:

  • Structure: Traditionally 15 lines in 3 stanzas (5 / 4 / 6 lines).
  • Rhyme & Refrain: Uses only two rhymes (often noted a and b) and a refrain R made from the opening phrase. A common scheme is aabba aabR aabbaR, where R is the short repeated refrain.
  • Refrain (Rentrement): The refrain is usually the poem’s opening phrase (about a quarter to a half line) that returns at the ends of stanzas 2 and 3.
  • Meter: Historically octosyllabic (8 syllables) in French; in English, meter is flexible, but tight rhythm enhances the songlike feel.
  • Tone & Effect: The refrain reframes meaning as it returns—creating irony, deepening emotion, or sharpening focus.
  • Variations: Related forms include the rondelet and rondeau redoublé, which elaborate the refrain and repetition patterns.

In a strong rondeau, the refrain doesn’t just repeat—it evolves; each reappearance casts prior lines in a fresh light.