A Double Ballad Of August

By Algernon Charles Swinburne

    All Afric, winged with death and fire,     Pants in our pleasant English air.     Each blade of grass is tense as wire,     And all the woods loose trembling hair     Stark in the broad and breathless glare     Of hours whose touch wastes herb and tree.     This bright sharp death shines everywhere;     Life yearns for solace toward the sea.     Earth seems a corpse upon the pyre;     The sun, a scourge for slaves to bear.     All power to fear, all keen desire,     Lies dead as dreams of days that were     Before the new-born world lay bare     In heavens wide eye, whereunder we     Lie breathless till the season spare:     Life yearns for solace toward the sea.     Fierce hours, with ravening fangs that tire     On spirit and sense, divide and share     The throbs of thoughts that scarce respire,     The throes of dreams that scarce forbear     One mute immitigable prayer     For cold perpetual sleep to be     Shed snowlike on the sense of care.     Life yearns for solace toward the sea.     The dust of ways where men suspire     Seems even the dust of deaths dim lair.     But though the feverish days be dire     The sea-wind rears and cheers its fair     Blithe broods of babes that here and there     Make the sands laugh and glow for glee     With gladder flowers than gardens wear.     Life yearns for solace toward the sea.     The music dies not off the lyre     That lets no soul alive despair.     Sleep strikes not dumb the breathless choir     Of waves whose note bids sorrow spare.     As glad they sound, as fast they fare,     As when fates word first set them free     And gave them light and night to wear.     Life yearns for solace toward the sea.     For there, though night and day conspire     To compass round with toil and snare     And changeless whirl of change, whose gyre     Draws all things deathwards unaware,     The spirit of life they scourge and scare,     Wild waves that follow on waves that flee     Laugh, knowing that yet, though earth despair,     Life yearns for solace toward the sea.

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Poem Details

Language: English
Keywords: Public Domain
Source: Public Domain Collection
Rights/Permissions: Public Domain

Analysis & Notes:
This poem is a powerful embodiment of the paradoxical struggle between life's hardships and the yearning for solace. The primary theme is the enduring resilience of life seeking comfort, symbolized by the recurring line "Life yearns for solace toward the sea." The sea here acts as a metaphor for relief, hope, and tranquility amidst life's trials and tribulations.

The poem is marked by a somber and intense tone, with vivid, often harsh, imagery of death and decay. Phrases like "All Afric, winged with death and fire," "Earth seems a corpse upon the pyre," and "The sun, a scourge for slaves to bear" create a picture of a world ravaged and harsh. This bleak imagery contrasts starkly with the recurring, hopeful refrain about life's yearning towards the sea.

The structure of the poem, a series of six quatrains with a repeated refrain, enhances its thematic progression. The first four lines of each stanza present a dire situation, followed by the comforting reminder that life still seeks solace. This structure creates a rhythmical pattern of despair and hope, reflective of the cyclical nature of life's struggles and aspirations.

The poem also employs striking literary devices, such as personification and metaphor, to add depth and intensity to its themes. The personification of the "ravening fangs that tire" and the "feverish days" emphasizes the harshness of life's trials, while the metaphoric "sea" and "sea-wind" symbolize relief and rejuvenation.

In essence, the poem is a profound exploration of life's resilience in the face of adversity, the longing for solace, and the hope and tranquility embodied in the metaphor of the sea.

Understanding Ballads

A ballad is a form of verse, often a narrative set to music, that has been a cornerstone of storytelling across various cultures. Traditionally passed down orally, ballads are known for their rhythmic structure and often tell tales of love, adventure, and heroism.


Ballads are characterized by their strong rhythm and repetition, making them both memorable and engaging. Here are some defining features:

  • Narrative Structure: Ballads typically tell a story, often a dramatic or emotional tale that unfolds in a straightforward, chronological order.
  • Quatrain Stanzas: Most ballads are composed of quatrains (four-line stanzas) with a rhyme scheme of ABAB or ABCB, which adds to the musicality of the verse.
  • Repetition: Refrains or repeated lines are common in ballads, helping to emphasize key themes or emotions and making the ballad easier to remember.
  • Oral Tradition: Many ballads originated from oral traditions, which means they were passed down through generations by word of mouth before being written down.

From medieval minstrels to contemporary songwriters, ballads have continued to evolve, remaining a beloved form of expression that captures the human experience in a way that is both poetic and accessible.