A Ballad of Death

By Algernon Charles Swinburne

    Kneel down, fair Love, and fill thyself with tears,     Girdle thyself with sighing for a girth     Upon the sides of mirth,     Cover thy lips and eyelids, let thine ears     Be filled with rumour of people sorrowing;     Make thee soft raiment out of woven sighs     Upon the flesh to cleave,     Set pains therein and many a grievous thing,     And many sorrows after each his wise     For armlet and for gorget and for sleeve.     O Loves lute heard about the lands of death,     Left hanged upon the trees that were therein;     O Love and Time and Sin,     Three singing mouths that mourn now underbreath,     Three lovers, each one evil spoken of;     O smitten lips wherethrough this voice of mine     Came softer with her praise;     Abide a little for our ladys love.     The kisses of her mouth were more than wine,     And more than peace the passage of her days.     O Love, thou knowest if she were good to see.     O Time, thou shalt not find in any land     Till, cast out of thine hand,     The sunlight and the moonlight fail from thee,     Another woman fashioned like as this.     O Sin, thou knowest that all thy shame in her     Was made a goodly thing;     Yea, she caught Shame and shamed him with her kiss,     With her fair kiss, and lips much lovelier     Than lips of amorous roses in late spring.     By night there stood over against my bed     Queen Venus with a hood striped gold and black,     Both sides drawn fully back     From brows wherein the sad blood failed of red,     And temples drained of purple and full of death.     Her curled hair had the wave of sea-water     And the seas gold in it.     Her eyes were as a doves that sickeneth.     Strewn dust of gold she had shed over her,     And pearl and purple and amber on her feet.     Upon her raiment of dyed sendaline     Were painted all the secret ways of love     And covered things thereof,     That hold delight as grape-flowers hold their wine;     Red mouths of maidens and red feet of doves,     And brides that kept within the bride-chamber     Their garment of soft shame,     And weeping faces of the wearied loves     That swoon in sleep and awake wearier,     With heat of lips and hair shed out like flame.     The tears that through her eyelids fell on me     Made mine own bitter where they ran between     As blood had fallen therein,     She saying; Arise, lift up thine eyes and see     If any glad thing be or any good     Now the best thing is taken forth of us;     Even she to whom all praise     Was as one flower in a great multitude,     One glorious flower of many and glorious,     One day found gracious among many days:     Even she whose handmaiden was Loveto whom     At kissing times across her stateliest bed     Kings bowed themselves and shed     Pale wine, and honey with the honeycomb,     And spikenard bruised for a burnt-offering;     Even she between whose lips the kiss became     As fire and frankincense;     Whose hair was as gold raiment on a king,     Whose eyes were as the morning purged with flame,     Whose eyelids as sweet savour issuing thence.     Then I beheld, and lo on the other side     My ladys likeness crowned and robed and dead.     Sweet still, but now not red,     Was the shut mouth whereby men lived and died.     And sweet, but emptied of the bloods blue shade,     The great curled eyelids that withheld her eyes.     And sweet, but like spoilt gold,     The weight of colour in her tresses weighed.     And sweet, but as a vesture with new dyes,     The body that was clothed with love of old.     Ah! that my tears filled all her woven hair     And all the hollow bosom of her gown     Ah! that my tears ran down     Even to the place where many kisses were,     Even where her parted breast-flowers have place,     Even where they are cloven apartwho knows not this?     Ah! the flowers cleave apart     And their sweet fills the tender interspace;     Ah! the leaves grown thereof were things to kiss     Ere their fine gold was tarnished at the heart.     Ah! in the days when God did good to me,     Each part about her was a righteous thing;     Her mouth an almsgiving,     The glory of her garments charity,     The beauty of her bosom a good deed,     In the good days when God kept sight of us;     Love lay upon her eyes,     And on that hair whereof the world takes heed;     And all her body was more virtuous     Than souls of women fashioned otherwise.     Now, ballad, gather poppies in thine hands     And sheaves of brier and many rusted sheaves     Rain-rotten in rank lands,     Waste marigold and late unhappy leaves     And grass that fades ere any of it be mown;     And when thy bosom is filled full thereof     Seek out Deaths face ere the light altereth,     And say My master that was thrall to Love     Is become thrall to Death.     Bow down before him, ballad, sigh and groan,     But make no sojourn in thine outgoing;     For haply it may be     That when thy feet return at evening     Death shall come in with thee.

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Poem Details

Language: English
Keywords: Public Domain
Source: Public Domain Collection
Rights/Permissions: Public Domain

Analysis & Notes:
This poem presents a grand exploration of love, time, sin, loss, and death, woven together in a complex tapestry of vivid imagery and emotive language. The speaker seems to be mourning a lost love, evoking a sense of sorrow and longing that permeates the entire work. The tone is melancholic, underpinned by a sense of despair and resignation toward the inevitable passage of time and the finality of death.

The poem's structure is elaborate, with a rhythmic ebb and flow that mirrors the themes of love and loss. Its distinctive lineation and use of repetition reinforce the emotional intensity of the speaker's lament. The poem employs a variety of literary devices, including metaphors and similes, to create a richly textured narrative. The personification of Love, Time, and Sin as characters in the narrative adds depth and complexity, while the use of sensual imagery, particularly related to sight, touch, and taste, imbues the poem with a palpable sense of intimacy and yearning.

The overarching theme is the transformative power of love and the profound pain of loss. The poet juxtaposes images of beauty and decay, vitality and death, to illustrate the fleeting nature of human existence and the enduring power of love and memory. The poem suggests that while physical beauty is transient, the essence of an individual – their virtues, kindness, and love – can transcend the boundaries of time and death. The speaker's repeated appeals to Love, Time, and Sin underscore this point, highlighting both the ephemeral and enduring aspects of love.

The poem concludes on a somber note, with the speaker imploring the ballad to bow before Death, acknowledging its ultimate dominion. This final act of submission underscores the poem's central message: that while love is a powerful, transformative force, it cannot escape the inexorable march of time and the inevitability of death. Despite its melancholic tone, the poem resonates with a profound sense of beauty and truth, offering

Understanding Elegy

An elegy is a form of poetry that expresses sorrow or lamentation, often for someone who has died. This type of poetry serves as a tribute to the deceased, reflecting on their life and the grief left behind.


Elegies are deeply emotional and personal, exploring themes of loss, mourning, and remembrance. Here are some defining characteristics:

  • Mournful Tone: Elegies are characterized by a tone of sadness and reflection, as the poet grapples with the pain of loss.
  • Tribute to the Deceased: The subject of an elegy is often someone who has passed away, with the poem serving as a memorial that honors their life and legacy.
  • Personal Reflection: Elegies often include personal reflections on the impact of the deceased on the poet's life, as well as broader musings on mortality and the human condition.
  • Structure and Form: While elegies can vary in form, they often follow a traditional structure that includes an expression of grief, praise for the deceased, and a sense of consolation or acceptance.

From ancient times to the present, elegies have provided a way for poets to navigate the complexities of grief and loss, offering solace and a means of preserving the memory of those who have passed.