The Good Shepherd With The Kid

By Matthew Arnold

He saves the sheep, the goats he doth not save. So rang Tertullian's sentence, on the side Of that unpitying Phrygian Sect which cried: "Him can no fount of fresh forgiveness lave, Who sins, once washed by the baptismal wave." So spake the fierce Tertullian. But she sighed, The infant Church! of love she felt the tide Stream on her from her Lord's yet recent grave. And then she smiled; and in the Catacombs, With eye suffused but heart inspired true, On those walls subterranean, where she hid Her head in ignominy, death, and tombs, She her good Shepherd's hasty image drew And on his shoulders, not a lamb, a kid.

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Poem Details

Language: English
Keywords: Public Domain
Source: Public Domain Collection
Rights/Permissions: Public Domain

Analysis & Notes:
This poem demonstrates a profound exploration of faith, forgiveness, and the evolution of religious doctrine. It begins with a reference to Tertullian, an early Christian author known for his strict views on sin and repentance. The opening line, "He saves the sheep, the goats he doth not save," sets a tone of dichotomy between the saved and the unsaved, the righteous and the unrighteous. This dichotomy is further emphasized by the structure of the poem, which is divided into two distinct parts - the first describing Tertullian's harsh doctrine, and the second depicting the more tender, forgiving attitude of the 'infant Church'.

The tone of the poem shifts midway through, moving from the judgmental fervor of Tertullian to the compassionate love of the early Church. The speaker uses the metaphor of a shepherd and his flock, a common Christian symbol, to illustrate this shift. In the final lines, the Church is depicted as a humble, underground entity that draws an image of the Good Shepherd carrying not a lamb, but a kid - a symbol often associated with sinners or outcasts. The use of this symbol signifies the Church's embrace of all humanity, including those deemed sinful or unworthy.

This poem's skillful use of religious and historical references, as well as its clever manipulation of symbols and its clear, structured narrative, make it a rich, thought-provoking piece that encourages readers to reflect on the nature of faith, judgment, and mercy. The poet's exploration of these themes through the lens of early Christian history offers a unique perspective, making this poem an engaging and insightful read.

Understanding the Sonnet

The sonnet is one of the most enduring and celebrated forms of poetry, known for its strict structure and profound themes. With a history spanning centuries, sonnets have been used to explore love, beauty, politics, and mortality, all within the confines of just 14 lines.


Sonnets are characterized by their precise form and rhyme scheme, which vary depending on the type of sonnet. Here’s a closer look:

  • Shakespearean (English) Sonnet: Composed of three quatrains followed by a final couplet, with a rhyme scheme of ABABCDCDEFEFGG. This form often builds a complex argument or narrative, culminating in a powerful closing statement.
  • Petrarchan (Italian) Sonnet: Divided into an octave (eight lines) and a sestet (six lines), with a typical rhyme scheme of ABBAABBA for the octave, followed by various patterns in the sestet such as CDECDE or CDCDCD. The octave usually presents a problem, with the sestet providing a resolution.
  • Meter: Sonnets are traditionally written in iambic pentameter, which gives the poem a rhythmic and melodic quality that enhances its emotional impact.

The sonnet’s enduring appeal lies in its ability to condense complex emotions and ideas into a small but potent package, making it a favorite form for poets seeking to explore profound themes with precision and elegance.