The Better Part

By Matthew Arnold

Sonnet
Long fed on boundless hopes, O race of man, How angrily thou spurn'st all simpler fare! "Christ," some one says, "was human as we are; No judge eyes us from Heaven, our sin to scan; We live no more when we have done our span." "Well, then, for Christ," thou answerest, "who can care? From sin, which Heaven records not, why forbear? Live we like brutes our life without a plan!" So answerest thou; but why not rather say, "Hath man no second life? Pitch this one high! Sits there no judge in Heaven our sin to see? More strictly, then, the inward judge obey! Was Christ a man like us? Ah! let us try If we then, too, can be such men as he!"

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Poem Details

Language: English
Keywords: Public Domain
Source: Public Domain Collection
Rights/Permissions: Public Domain
Analysis & Notes:
This poem speaks to the inherent struggle within humanity between our spiritual and physical selves, as well as the uncertainty of our existence beyond the mortal realm. The poet uses the figure of Christ as a symbol of moral virtue and righteousness, and the dialogue format to highlight the internal debate within mankind. The first half of the poem leans towards skepticism and hedonism, with an emphasis on living in the present, unburdened by moral or religious constraints. However, the latter part of the poem presents a counter-argument, suggesting that even without the certainty of divine judgement, one should strive to live a virtuous life.

The tone of the poem is contemplative, veering between frustration, defiance, and an almost hopeful introspection. The structure of the poem is well-balanced, with each part of the argument presented in equal measure. The use of rhetorical questions serves to engage readers in this internal debate, inviting them to ponder these existential questions. The concluding lines leave the reader with a powerful message - even if Christ was merely a man, his virtues and moral excellence are worth emulating. This ending subtly shifts the focus from the debate on the existence of God or the afterlife, to the importance of living an ethical and meaningful life. The poem effectively uses dialogue, rhetorical questions, and religious symbolism to explore deep philosophical questions, making it a thought-provoking and compelling piece.

Understanding the Sonnet

The sonnet is one of the most enduring and celebrated forms of poetry, known for its strict structure and profound themes. With a history spanning centuries, sonnets have been used to explore love, beauty, politics, and mortality, all within the confines of just 14 lines.

Sonnets are characterized by their precise form and rhyme scheme, which vary depending on the type of sonnet. Here’s a closer look:

  • Shakespearean (English) Sonnet: Composed of three quatrains followed by a final couplet, with a rhyme scheme of ABABCDCDEFEFGG. This form often builds a complex argument or narrative, culminating in a powerful closing statement.
  • Petrarchan (Italian) Sonnet: Divided into an octave (eight lines) and a sestet (six lines), with a typical rhyme scheme of ABBAABBA for the octave, followed by various patterns in the sestet such as CDECDE or CDCDCD. The octave usually presents a problem, with the sestet providing a resolution.
  • Meter: Sonnets are traditionally written in iambic pentameter, which gives the poem a rhythmic and melodic quality that enhances its emotional impact.

The sonnet’s enduring appeal lies in its ability to condense complex emotions and ideas into a small but potent package, making it a favorite form for poets seeking to explore profound themes with precision and elegance.