Apollo Musagetes

By Matthew Arnold

Through the black, rushing smoke-bursts, Thick breaks the red flame; All Etna heaves fiercely Her forest-clothed frame. Not here, O Apollo! Are haunts meet for thee. But, where Helicon breaks down In cliff to the sea, Where the moon-silver'd inlets Send far their light voice Up the still vale of Thisbe, O speed, and rejoice! On the sward at the cliff-top Lie strewn the white flocks, On the cliff-side the pigeons Roost deep in the rocks. In the moonlight the shepherds, Soft lull'd by the rills, Lie wrapped in their blankets Asleep on the hills. What forms are these coming So white through the gloom? What garments out-glistening The gold-flower'd broom? What sweet-breathing presence Out-perfumes the thyme? What voices enrapture The night's balmy prime? 'Tis Apollo comes leading His choir, the Nine. The leader is fairest, But all are divine. They are lost in the hollows! They stream up again! What seeks on this mountain The glorified train? They bathe on this mountain, In the spring by their road; Then on to Olympus, Their endless abode. Whose proase do they mention? Of what is it told? What will be for ever; What was from of old. First hymn they the Father Of all things; and then, The rest of immortals, The action of men. The day in his hotness, The strife with the palm; The night in her silence, The stars in their calm.

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Poem Details

Language: English
Keywords: Public Domain
Source: Public Domain Collection
Rights/Permissions: Public Domain

Analysis & Notes:
This poem is a rich blend of vivid imagery and classical allusion, invoking the majestic landscapes of ancient Greece and its pantheon of gods. The theme centers around the divine, the eternal, and the mortal, exploring the interplay between these elements against the backdrop of nature's grandeur. The tone is reverential, infusing a sense of awe, wonder, and deep respect towards the divine entities and the natural world.

The poem uses varying structure and rhythm, contributing to the dynamism of the narrative. It starts with an intense and powerful description of a volcanic eruption, setting the stage for the unveiling of Apollo and his choir, the Nine Muses. The language and imagery shift from the tumultuous and fiery to the serene and celestial, reflecting this transition.

Standout literary devices include the use of personification and metaphor, with Mount Etna depicted as a living, breathing entity and Apollo's choir as a 'glorified train'. The poet also employs powerful sensory language, appealing to our sense of sight, hearing, and smell, thereby immersing us in the world of the poem.

The poem concludes with a reflection on the eternal - the 'Father of all things', the immortals, and the actions of men. This brings the poem full circle, tying the grandeur of nature and the divine back to the mortal realm. A profound meditation on the interconnectedness of the divine, human action, and the natural world, the poem leaves us with a sense of humility and awe towards the greater forces at work in our universe.

Exploring Lyric Poetry

Lyric poetry is a powerful and intimate form of expression, characterized by its focus on the personal emotions and thoughts of the poet. Often musical in nature, lyric poems resonate with readers through their vivid language and rhythmic flow, capturing moments of intense feeling.


Here are some key characteristics that define lyric poetry:

  • Expressive Language: Lyric poems use rich and evocative language to convey deep emotions, often painting a vivid picture of the poet's inner world.
  • Personal Perspective: Typically written in the first person, these poems offer a window into the poet's personal experiences, thoughts, and reflections.
  • Musicality: Lyric poems often feature a rhythmic structure, with meter and rhyme that give them a song-like quality, enhancing the emotional impact.

From ancient odes to contemporary free verse, lyric poetry remains a beloved and enduring form, celebrated for its ability to articulate the nuances of human emotion in a way that resonates deeply with readers.