Dipsychus - Part I

By Arthur Hugh Clough

    SCENE I.     The Piazza at Venice, 9 p.m. Dipsychus and the Spirit.     Di. The scene is different, and the place, the air     Tastes of the nearer north; the people     Not perfect southern lightness; wherefore, then,     Should those, old verses come into my mind     I made last year at Naples? Oh, poor fool!     Still resting on thyself a thing ill-worked     A moments thought committed on the moment     To unripe words and rugged verse:     Through the great sinful streets of Naples as I past,     With fiercer heat than flamed above my head     My heart was hot within me; till at last     My brain was lightened when my tongue had said     Christ is not risen!     Sp. Christ is not risen? Oh, indeed,     I didnt know that was your creed.     Di. So it went on, too lengthy to repeat     Christ is not risen.     Sp. Dear, how odd!     Hell, tell us next there is no God.     I thought twas in the Bible plain,     On the third day He rose again.     Di. Ashes to ashes, dust to dust;     As of the unjust, also of the just     Yea, of that just One, too!     Is He not risen, and shall we not rise?     Oh, we unwise!     Sp. Hm! and the tone, then, after all,     Something of the ironical?     Sarcastic, say; or were it fitter     To style it the religious bitter?     Di. Interpret it I cannot. I but wrote it     At Naples, truly, as the preface tells,     Last year, in the Toledo; it came on me,     And did me good at once. At Naples then,     At Venice now. Ah! and I think at Venice     Christ is not risen either.     Sp. Nay,     Such things dont fall out every day:     Having once happened, as we know,     In Palestine so long ago,     How should it now at Venice here?     Where people, true enough, appear     To appreciate more and understand     Their ices, and their Austrian band,     And dark-eyed girls.     Di. The whole great square they fill,     From the red flaunting streamers on the staffs,     And that barbaric portal of St. Marks,     To where, unnoticed, at the darker end,     I sit upon my step one great gay crowd.     The Campanile to the silent stars     Goes up, above its apex lost in air     While these do what?     Sp. Enjoy the minute,     And the substantial blessings in it:     Ices, par exemple; evening air,     Company, and this handsome square;     And all the sweets in perfect plenty     Of the old dolce far niente.     Music! Up, up; it isnt fit     With beggars here on steps to sit.     Up, to the caff! take a chair,     And join the wiser idlers there.     And see that fellow singing yonder;     Singing, ye gods, and dancing too     Tooraloo, tooraloo, tooraloo loo     Fiddledi diddledi, diddle di di;     Figaro s, Figaro gi     Figaro qu, Figaro l!     How he likes doing it Ha, ha!     Di. While these do what? Ah heaven! too true, at Venice     Christ is not risen either.     SCENE II. The Public Garden.     Di. Assuredly, a lively scene!     And, ah, how pleasant something green!     With circling heavens one perfect rose     Each smoother patch of water glows,     Hence to where, oer the full tides face,     We see the Palace and the Place,     And the white dome; beauteous, but hot.     Where in the meantime is the spot     My favourite where by masses blue,     And white cloud-folds, I follow true     The great Alps, rounding grandly oer,     Hugh arc, to the Dalmatian shore?     Sp. This rather stupid place, to-day,     Its true, is most extremely gay;     And rightly the Assunzione     Was always a gran funzione.     Di. What is this persecuting voice that haunts me?     What? whence? of whom? How am I to detect?     Myself or not myself? My own bad thoughts,     Or some external agency at work,     To lead me who knows whither?     Sp. Eh?     Were certainly in luck to-day:     What crowds of boats before us plying     Gay parties, singing, shouting, crying     Saluting others past them flying!     What numbers at the causeway lying!     What lots of pretty girls, too, hieing     Hither and thither coming, going,     And with what satisfaction showing     Their dark exuberance of hair,     Black eyes, rich tints, and sundry graces     Of classic pure Italian faces!     Di. Ah me, me!.     Clear stars above, thou roseate westward sky,     Take up my being into yours; assume     My sense to know you only; steep my brain     In your essential purity; or, great Alps,     That wrapping round your heads in solemn clouds     Seem sternly to sweep past our vanities,     Lead me with you take me away, preserve me!     O moon and stars, forgive! and thou, clear heaven,     Look pureness back into me. Oh, great God!     Why, why, in wisdom and in graces name,     And in the name of saints and saintly thoughts,     Of mothers, and of sisters, and chaste wives,     And angel woman-faces we have seen,     And angel woman-spirits we have guessed,     And innocent sweet children, and pure love,     Why did I ever one brief moments space     But parley with this filthy Belial?     . . . . . . Was it the fear     Of being behind the world, which is the wicked?     SCENE III. At the Hotel.     Sp. Come, then,     And with my aid go into good society.     Life little loves, tis true, this peevish piety;     Een they with whom it thinks to be securest     Your most religious, delicatest, purest     Discern, and show as pious people can     Their feeling that you are not quite a man.     Still the thing has its place; and, with sagacity,     Much might be done by one of your capacity.     A virtuous attachment formed judiciously     Would come, one sees, uncommonly propitiously:     Turn you but your affections the right way,     And what maynt happen none of us can say     For, in despite of devils and of mothers,     Your good young men make catches, too, like others.     Di. To herd with people that one owns no care for;     Friend it with strangers that one sees but once;     To drain the heart with endless complaisance;     To warp the unfinished diction on the lip,     And twist ones mouth to counterfeit; enforce     Reluctant looks to falsehood; base-alloy     The ingenuous golden frankness of the past;     To calculate and plot; be rough and smooth,     Forward and silent, deferential, cool,     Not by ones humour, which is the safe truth,     But on consideration.     Sp. That is, act     On a dispassionate judgment of the fact;     Look all the data fairly in the face,     And rule your judgment simply by the case.     Di. On vile consideration. At the best,     With pallid hotbed courtesies to forestall     The green and vernal spontaneity,     And waste the priceless moments of the man     In regulating manner. Whether these things     Be right, I do not know: I only know tis     To lose ones youth too early. Oh, not yet     Not yet I make the sacrifice.     Sp. Du tout!     To give up natures just what would not do.     By all means keep your sweet ingenuous graces,     And use them at the proper times and places.     For work, for play, for business, talk and love,     I own as wisdom truly from above,     That scripture of the serpent and the dove;     Nors aught so perfect for the worlds affairs     As the old parable of wheat and tares;     What we all love is good touched up with evil     Religions self must have a spice of devil.     Di. Let it be enough,     That in our needful mixture with the world,     On each new morning with the rising sun,     Our rising heart, fresh from the seas of sleep,     Scarce oer the level lifts his purer orb     Ere lost and sullied with polluting smoke     A noon-day coppery disk. Lo, scarce come forth,     Some vagrant miscreant meets, and with a look     Transmutes me his, and for a whole sick day     Lepers me.     Sp. Just the one thing, I assure you,     From which good company cant but secure you.     About the individuals not so clear,     But who can doubt the general atmosphere?     Di. Ay truly, who at first? but in a while     Sp. O dear, this oer-discernment makes me smile.     You dont pretend to tell me you can see     Without one touch of melting sympathy     Those lovely, stately flowers that fill with bloom     The brilliant seasons gay parterre-like room,     Moving serene yet swiftly through the dances;     Those graceful forms and perfect countenances,     Whose every fold and line in all their dresses     Something refined and exquisite expresses.     To see them smile and hear them talk so sweetly,     In me destroys all lower thoughts completely;     I really seem, without exaggeration,     To experience the true regeneration.     Ones own dress, too ones manner, what one s doing     And saying, all assist to ones renewing.     I love to see, in these their fitting places,     The bows, the forms, and all you call grimaces.     I heartily could wish wed kept some more of them,     However much we talk about the bore of them.     Fact is, your awkward parvenus are shy at it,     Afraid to look like waiters if they try at it.     Tis sad to what democracy is leading     Give me your Eighteenth Century for high breeding.     Though I can put up gladly with the present,     And quite can think our modern parties pleasant.     One shouldnt analyse the thing too nearly:     The main effect is admirable clearly.     Good manners, said our great-aunts, next to piety:     And so, my friend, hurrah for good society!     SCENE IV. On the Piazza.     Sp. Insulted! By the living Lord!     He laid his hand upon his sword.     Fort, did he say? a German brute,     With neither heart nor brains to shoot.     Di. What does he mean? hes wrong, I had done nothing.     Twas a mistake more his, I am sure, than mine.     He is quite wrong I feel it. Come, let us go.     Sp. Go up to him! you must, thats flat.     Be threatened by a beast like that!     Di. Hes violent; what can I do against him?     I neither wish to be killed nor to kill:     Whats more, I never yet have touched a sword,     Nor fired, but twice, a pistol in my life.     Sp. Oh, never mind, twont come to fighting     Only some verbal small requiting;     Or give your cardwell do t by writing.     Hell not stick to it. Soldiers too     Are cowards, just like me or you.     What! not a single word to throw at     This snarling dog of a d d Croat?     Di. My heavens! why should I care? he does not hurt me.     If he is wrong, it is the worst for him.     I certainly did nothing: I shall go.     Sp. Did nothing! I should think not; no,     Nor ever will, I dare be sworn!     But, O my friend, well-bred, well-born     You to behave so in these quarrels     Makes me half doubtful of your morals!     . . . . . . . . . . It were all one,     You had been some shopkeepers son,     Whose childhood neer was shown aught better     Than bills of creditor and debtor.     Di. By heaven, it falls from off me like the rain     From the oil-coat. I seem in spirit to see     How he and I at some great day shall meet     Before some awful judgment-seat of truth;     And I could deem that I behold him there     Come praying for the pardon I give now,     Did I not think these matters too, too small     For any record on the leaves of time.     O thou great Watcher of this noisy world,     What are they in Thy sight? or what in his     Who finds some end of action in his life?     What een in his whose sole permitted course     Is to pursue his peaceful byway walk,     And live his brief life purely in Thy sight,     And righteously towards his brother-men?     Sp. And whether, so youre just and fair,     Other folks are so, you dont care;     You who profess more love than others     For your poor sinful human brothers.     Di. For grosser evils their gross remedies     The laws afford us; let us be content;     For finer wounds the law would, if it could,     Find medicine too; it cannot, let us bear;     For sufferance is the badge of all mens tribes.     Sp. Because we cant do all we would,     Does it follow, to do nothings good?     No way to help the laws rough sense     By equities of self-defence?     Well, for yourself it may be nice     To serve vulgarity and vice:     Must sisters, too, and wives and mothers,     Fare like their patient sons and brothers?     Di. He that loves sister, mother, more than me     Sp. But the injustice the gross wrong!     To whom on earth does it belong     If not to you, to whom twas done,     Who saw it plain as any sun,     To make the base and foul offender     Confess, and satisfaction render?     At least before the termination of it     Prove your own lofty reprobation of it.     Though gentleness, I know, was born in you,     Surely you have a little scorn in you?     Di. Heaven! to pollute ones fingers to pick up     The fallen coin of honour from the dirt     Pure silver though it be, let it rather lie!     To take up any offence, where t may be said     That temper, vanity I know not what     Had led me on!     To have so much as een half felt of one     That ever one was angered for oneself!     Beyond suspicion Caesars wife should be,     Beyond suspicion this bright honour shall.     Did he say scorn? I have some scorn, thank God.     Sp. Certainly. Only if its so,     Let us leave Italy, and go     Post haste, to attend youre ripe and rank for t     The great peace-meeting up at Frankfort.     Joy to the Croat! Take our lives,     Sweet friends, and please respect our wives;     Joy to the Croat! Some fine day,     Hell see the error of his way,     No doubt, and will repent and pray.     At any rate hell open his eyes,     If not before, at the Last Assize.     Not, if I rightly understood you,     That even then youd punish, would you?     Nay, let the hapless soul go free     Mere murder, crime, or robbery,     In whateer station, age, or sex,     Your sacred spirit scarce can vex:     De minimis non curat lex.     To the Peace Congress! ring the bell!     Horses to Frankfort and to !     Di. I am not quite in union with myself     On this strange matter. I must needs confess     Instinct turns instinct out, and thought     Wheels round on thought. To bleed for others wrongs     In vindication of a cause, to draw     The sword of the Lord and Gideon oh, that seems     The flower and top of life! But fight because     Some poor misconstruing trifler haps to say     I lie, when I do not lie,     Why should I? Call you this a cause? I cant.     Oh, he is wrong, no doubt; he misbehaves     But is it worth so much as speaking loud?     And things so merely personal to myself     Of all earths things do least affect myself.     Sp. Sweet eloquence! at next May Meeting     How it would tell in the repeating!     I recognise, and kiss the rod     The methodistic voice of God;     I catch contrite that angel whine,     That snuffle human, yet divine.     Di. It may be I am somewhat of a poltroon;     I never fought at school; whether it be     Some native poorness in my spirits blood,     Or that the holy doctrine of our faith     In too exclusive fervency possessed     My heart with feelings, with ideas my brain.     Sp. Yes; you would argue that it goes     Against the Bible, I suppose;     But our revered religion yes,     Our common faith seems, I confess,     On these points to propose to address     The people more than you or me     At best the vulgar bourgeoisie.     The sacred writers dont keep count,     But still the Sermon on the Mount     Must have been spoken, by whats stated,     To hearers by the thousands rated.     I cuff some fellow; mild and meek     He should turn round the other cheek.     For him it may be right and good;     We are not all of gentle blood     Really, or as such understood.     Di. There are two kindreds upon earth, I know     The oppressors and the oppressed. But as for me,     If I must choose to inflict wrong, or accept,     May my last end, and life too, be with these.     Yes; whatsoeer the reason, want of blood,     Lymphatic humours, or my childhoods faith,     So is the thing, and be it well or ill,     I have no choice. I am a man of peace,     And the old Adam of the gentleman     Dares seldom in my bosom stir against     The mild plebeian Christian seated there.     Sp. Forgive me, if I name my doubt,     Whether you know fort means get out.     SCENE V. The Lido.     Sp. What now? the Lido shall it be?     That none may say we didnt see     The ground which Byron used to ride on,     And do I dont know what beside on.     Ho, barca! here! and this light gale     Will let us run it with a sail.     Di. I dreamt a dream: till morning light     A bell rang in my head all night,     Tinkling and tinkling first, and then     Tolling and tinkling, tolling again,     So brisk and gay, and then so slow!     O joy and terror! mirth and woe!     Ting, ting, There is no God; ting, ting,     Dong, there is no God; dong,     There is no God; dong, dong.     Ting, ting, there is no God; ting, ting.     Come, dance and play, and merrily sing,     Staid Englishman, who toil and slave     From your first childhood to your grave,     And seldom spend and always save     And do your duty all your life     By your young family and wife;     Come, be t not said you neer had known     What earth can furnish you alone.     The Italian, Frenchman, German even,     Have given up all thoughts of heaven:     And you still linger oh, you fool!     Because of what you learnt at school.     You should have gone at least to college,     And got a little ampler knowledge.     Ah well, and yet dong, dong, dong:     Do as you like, as now you do;     If works a cheat, sos pleasure too,     And nothings new and nothings true;     Dong, there is no God; dong.     O, in our nook unknown, unseen,     Well hold our fancy like a screen     Us and the dreadful fact between;     And it shall yet be long ay, long     The quiet notes of our low song     Shall keep us from that sad dong, dong.     Hark, hark, hark! O voice of fear,     It reaches us here, even here!     Dong, there is no God; dong.     Ring ding, ring ding, tara, tara,     To battle, to battle haste, haste     To battle, to battle aha, aha!     On, on, to the conquerors feast,     From east to west, and south and north,     Ye men of valour and of worth,     Ye mighty men of arms, come forth     And work your will, for that is just;     And in your impulse put your trust,     Beneath your feet the fools are dust.     Alas, alas! O grief and wrong,     The good are weak, the wicked strong;     And oh, my God, how long, how long!     Dong, there is no God; dong.     Ring, ting; to bow before the strong,     There is a rapture too in this;     Work for thy master, work, thou slave     He is not merciful, but brave.     Be t joy to serve, who free and proud     Scorns thee and all the ignoble crowd;     Take that, tis all thou art allowed,     Except the snaky hope that they     May sometime serve who rule to-day.     When, by hell-demons, shant they pay?     O wickedness, O shame and grief,     And heavy load, and no relief!     O God, O God! and which is worst,     To be the curser or the curst,     The victim or the murderer? Dong,     Dong, there is no God; dong.     Ring ding, ring ding, tara, tara,     Away, and hush that preaching fagh!     Ye vulgar dreamers about peace,     Who offer noblest hearts, to heal     The tenderest hurts honour can feel,     Paid magistrates and the police!     O peddling merchant-justice, go,     Exacter rules than yours we know;     Resentments rule, and that high law     Of whoso best the sword can draw.     Ah well, and yet dong, dong, dong.     Go on, my friends, as now you do;     Lawyers are villains, soldiers too;     And nothings new, and nothings true.     Dong, there is no God; dong.     I had a dream, from eve to light     A bell went sounding all the night.     Gay mirth, black woe, thin joys, huge pain     I tried to stop it, but in vain.     It ran right on, and never broke;     Only when day began to stream     Through the white curtains to my bed,     And like an angel at my head     Light stood and touched me I awoke,     And looked, and said, It is a dream.     Sp. Ah! not so bad. Youve read, I see,     Your Branger, and thought of me.     But really you owe some apology     For harping thus upon theology.     Im not a judge, I own; in short,     Religion may not be my forte.     The Church of England I belong to,     And think Dissenters not far wrong too;     Theyre vulgar dogs; but for his creed     I hold that no man will be d d.     But come and listen in your turn,     And you shall hear and mark and learn.     There is no God, the wicked saith,     And truly its a blessing,     For what He might have done with us     Its better only guessing.     There is no God, a youngster thinks,     Or really, if there may be,     He surely didnt mean a man     Always to be a baby.     There is no God, or if there is,     The tradesman thinks, twere funny     If He should take it ill in me     To make a little money.     Whether there be, the rich man says,     It matters very little,     For I and mine, thank somebody,     Are not in want of victual.     Some others, also, to themselves,     Who scarce so much as doubt it,     Think there is none, when they are well,     And do not think about it.     But country folks who live beneath     The shadow of the steeple;     The parson and the parsons wife,     And mostly married people;     Youths green and happy in first love,     So thankful for illusion;     And men caught out in what the world     Calls guilt, in first confusion;     And almost every one when age,     Disease, or sorrows strike him,     Inclines to think there is a God,     Or something very like Him.     But eccoci! with our barchetta,     Here at the Sant Elisabetta.     Di. Vineyards and maize, thats pleasant for sore eyes.     Sp. And on the islands other side,     The place where Murrays faithful Guide     Informs us Byron used to ride.     Di. The trellised vines! enchanting! Sandhills, ho!     The sea, at last the sea the real broad sea     Beautiful! and a glorious breeze upon it.     Sp. Look back; one catches at this station     Lagoon and sea in combination.     Di. On her still lake the city sits,     Where bark and boat around her flits;     Nor dreams, her soft siesta taking,     Of Adriatic billows breaking.     I do; I see and hear them. Come! to the sea!     Oh, a grand surge I well bathe; quick, quick! undress!     Quick, quick! in, in!     Well take the crested billows by their backs     And shake them. Quick! in, in!     And I will taste again the old joy     I gloried in so when a boy;     Aha I come, come great waters, roll!     Accept me, take me, body and soul!     Thats done me good. It grieves me though,     I never came here long ago.     Sp. Pleasant, perhaps; however, no offence,     Animal spirits are not common sense;     Theyre good enough as an assistance,     But in themselves a poor existence.     But you, with this one bathe, no doubt,     Have solved all questions out and out.

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Poem Details

Language: English
Keywords: Public Domain
Source: Public Domain Collection
Rights/Permissions: Public Domain

Analysis & Notes:
This lengthy and complex poem is a dialogue between two characters, Dipsychus and the Spirit. It explores profound themes including the existence of God, the nature of good and evil, the value of honour and courage, and the tensions between the physical and spiritual realms. The poem's structure, with its shifting scenes and changing tones, mirrors the inner conflict and turmoil of Dipsychus.

The tone of the poem varies from contemplative and serious to sarcastic and mocking, reflecting the vacillating thoughts and emotions of Dipsychus as he grapples with his spiritual crisis. The Spirit, on the other hand, serves as a foil to Dipsychus, often mocking or challenging his beliefs and assertions.

The poem's structure is reflective of a dramatic monologue, with scenes and dialogues that resemble a play. This theatrical quality adds dynamism and movement to the poem, engaging the reader in the unfolding debate and struggle. The use of literary devices, such as alliteration and repetition, particularly in the descriptions of sounds and the repeated refrains, heightens the dramatic tension and underscores the key themes.

In conclusion, this poem is a profound exploration of existential and spiritual questions, presented in a dynamic, dramatic form. Its shifting tones and complex themes challenge the reader to engage with the characters' struggles and to reflect on their own beliefs and values.