Acton 1

By Arthur Hugh Clough

    Over a mountain slope with lentisk, and with abounding     Arbutus, and the red oak overtufted, mid a noontide     Now glowing fervidly, the Leto-born, the divine one,     Artemis, Arcadian wood-rover, alone, hunt-weary,     Unto a dell centring many streamlets her foot unerring     Had guided. Platanus with fig-tree shaded, a hollow,     Shaded a waterfall, where pellucid yet abundant     Streams from perpetual full-flowing sources a current:     Lower on either bank in sunshine flowered the oleanders:     Plenteous under a rock green herbage here to the margin     Grew with white poplars overcrowning. She thither arrived,     Unloosening joyfully the vest enfolded upon her,     Swift her divine shoulders discovering, swiftly revealing     Her maidenly bosom and all her beauty beneath it,     To the river water overflowing to receive her     Yielded her ambrosial nakedness. But with an instant     Conscious, with the instant the immortal terrific anger     Flew to the guilty doer: that moment, where amid amply     Concealing plane-leaves he the opportunity pursued,     Long vainly, possessed, unwise, Acton, of hunters,     Hapless of Arcadian, and most misguided of hunters,     Knew the divine mandate, knew fate directed upon him.     He, to the boughs crouching, with dreadful joy the desired one     Had viewed descending, viewed as in a dream, disarraying,     And the unclad shoulders awestruck, awestruck let his eyes see     The maidenly bosom, but not dim fear fell upon them     Not more had witnessed. Not, therefore, less the forest through     Ranging, their master ceasing thenceforth to remember,     With the instant together came trooping, as to devour him,     His dogs from the ambush. Transformed suddenly before them,     He fled, an antlered stag wild with terror to the mountain.     She, the liquid stream in, her limbs carelessly reclining,     The flowing waters collected grateful about her.

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Poem Details

Language: English
Keywords: Public Domain
Source: Public Domain Collection
Rights/Permissions: Public Domain

Analysis & Notes:
This poem is an evocative exploration of Greek mythology, specifically the story of Artemis and Actaeon. The narrative is steeped in lush, verdant imagery that paints a vivid picture of the natural world, where Artemis, the divine huntress, seeks solitude and refreshment. The poem's tone is a blend of reverence, awe, and eventual terror that reflects Actaeon's ill-fated voyeurism.

The poet employs elaborate and intricate language to convey the grandeur of the divine and the raw beauty of the natural world. This is evident in the rich descriptions of the surroundings and the detailed portrayal of Artemis. One of the poem's most striking literary devices is its use of dramatic irony. As readers, we are aware of Actaeon's impending doom, even as he succumbs to his desire to gaze upon the goddess. The transformation of Actaeon into a stag by an "immortal terrific anger" underscores the theme of divine retribution for mortal transgression, and the consequences of succumbing to forbidden desires.

The poem is structured with a rhythmic flow that mirrors the progression of the narrative, from the calm and serene description of Artemis in the wilderness, to the sudden and horrific punishment inflicted upon Actaeon. This rhythm contributes to the overall atmosphere and emotive power of the poem, creating a captivating blend of beauty, terror, and awe.

Exploring Narrative Poetry

Narrative poetry is a form of poetry that tells a story, often making use of the voices of a narrator and characters as well. Unlike lyric poetry, which focuses on emotions and thoughts, narrative poetry is dedicated to storytelling, weaving tales that captivate readers through plot and character development.


Narrative poems are unique in their ability to combine the depth of storytelling with the expressive qualities of poetry. Here are some defining characteristics:

  • Structured Plot: Narrative poems typically have a clear beginning, middle, and end, following a plot that might involve conflict, climax, and resolution, much like a short story or novel.
  • Character Development: Characters in narrative poems are often well-developed, with distinct voices and personalities that drive the story forward.
  • Descriptive Language: The language used in narrative poetry is vivid and descriptive, painting a clear picture of the scenes and events, while also conveying the emotions and atmosphere of the story.

From ancient epics like "The Iliad" and "The Odyssey" to more modern narrative poems, this form continues to engage readers by blending the art of storytelling with the beauty and rhythm of poetry.