The Charlatan

By Jean de La Fontaine

[1]      The world has never lack'd its charlatans,      More than themselves have lack'd their plans.      One sees them on the stage at tricks      Which mock the claims of sullen Styx.      What talents in the streets they post!      One of them used to boast      Such mastership of eloquence      That he could make the greatest dunce      Another Tully Cicero      In all the arts that lawyers know.      'Ay, sirs, a dunce, a country clown,      The greatest blockhead of your town, -      Nay more, an animal, an ass, -      The stupidest that nibbles grass, -      Needs only through my course to pass,      And he shall wear the gown      With credit, honour, and renown.'      The prince heard of it, call'd the man, thus spake:      'My stable holds a steed      Of the Arcadian breed,[2]      Of which an orator I wish to make.'      'Well, sire, you can,'      Replied our man.      At once his majesty      Paid the tuition fee.      Ten years must roll, and then the learned ass      Should his examination pass,      According to the rules      Adopted in the schools;      If not, his teacher was to tread the air,      With halter'd neck, above the public square, -      His rhetoric bound on his back,      And on his head the ears of jack.      A courtier told the rhetorician,      With bows and terms polite,      He would not miss the sight      Of that last pendent exhibition;      For that his grace and dignity      Would well become such high degree;      And, on the point of being hung,      He would bethink him of his tongue,      And show the glory of his art, -      The power to melt the hardest heart, -      And wage a war with time      By periods sublime -      A pattern speech for orators thus leaving,      Whose work is vulgarly call'd thieving.      'Ah!' was the charlatan's reply,      'Ere that, the king, the ass, or I,      Shall, one or other of us, die.'      And reason good had he;      We count on life most foolishly,      Though hale and hearty we may be.      In each ten years, death cuts down one in three.

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Poem Details

Language: English
Keywords: Public Domain
Source: Public Domain Collection
Rights/Permissions: Public Domain

Analysis & Notes:
This poem employs satire to explore themes of deception, gullibility, and the transience of life. Through the story of a boastful charlatan claiming he can transform even an ass into an orator, the poet critiques those who peddle false claims and promises, as well as those who fall prey to such deceits. The charlatan's boast serves as a metaphor for the empty promises of those who exploit others' ignorance or credulity for personal gain.

The tone of the poem is mocking and cynical, marked by a wry humor that underscores the absurdity of the charlatan's claim and the prince's willingness to believe it. Structurally, the poet uses a consistent rhyme scheme to lend a playful rhythm to the verses, which enhances the satirical tone. The use of exaggerated metaphors, such as the prospect of the charlatan being hanged publicly if he fails, heightens the comic effect. However, the poem ends on a somber note, reminding readers of the inevitability of death—a sobering counterpoint to the previous levity and a poignant commentary on the futile pursuit of unattainable ambitions.

Understanding Fables

A fable is a timeless form of storytelling, typically featuring animals as characters that embody human traits, all while conveying a moral lesson. These short narratives have been used throughout history to impart wisdom, offering insights that remain relevant across generations.


Fables stand out for their simplicity and clarity, often concluding with a lesson that is easy to understand and remember. Here are some defining characteristics:

  • Animal Characters: The main characters are often animals that represent human behaviors and characteristics, making the stories both engaging and relatable.
  • Concise Narrative: Fables are brief and focused, with each story centering around a single event or interaction that leads to a moral conclusion.
  • Moral Lesson: The purpose of a fable is to teach a lesson, which is usually stated clearly at the end, offering practical advice or ethical guidance.

From Aesop's ancient tales to modern adaptations, fables continue to be a powerful tool for education and moral reflection, resonating with audiences of all ages.