Jupiter And The Passenger.

By Jean de La Fontaine

[1]      How danger would the gods enrich,      If we the vows remember'd which      It drives us to! But, danger past,      Kind Providence is paid the last.      No earthly debt is treated so.      'Now, Jove,' the wretch exclaims, 'will wait;      He sends no sheriff to one's gate,      Like creditors below;'      But, let me ask the dolt,      What means the thunderbolt?      A passenger, endanger'd by the sea,      Had vow'd a hundred oxen good      To him who quell'd old Terra's brood.      He had not one: as well might he      Have vow'd a hundred elephants.      Arrived on shore, his good intents      Were dwindled to the smoke which rose      An offering merely for the nose,      From half a dozen beefless bones.      'Great Jove,' said he, 'behold my vow!      The fumes of beef thou breathest now      Are all thy godship ever owns:      From debt I therefore stand acquitted.'      With seeming smile, the god submitted,      But not long after caught him well,      By sending him a dream, to tell      Of treasure hid. Off ran the liar,      As if to quench a house on fire,      And on a band of robbers fell.      As but a crown he had that day,      He promised them of sterling gold      A hundred talents truly told;      Directing where conceal'd they lay,      In such a village on their way.      The rogues so much the tale suspected,      Said one, 'If we should suffer you to,      You'd cheaply get us all detected;      Go, then, and bear your gold to Pluto.'

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Poem Details

Language: English
Keywords: Public Domain
Source: Public Domain Collection
Rights/Permissions: Public Domain

Analysis & Notes:
This poem is a clever exploration of the themes of human folly, the invocation of divine assistance in times of danger, and the immediate forgetfulness of vows made once the danger has passed. It employs a narrative structure, adopting a satirical tone throughout, and is rich in irony and wit.

The first stanza presents the concept of humans promising to give offerings to gods during precarious situations, but conveniently forgetting once they are safe. The poet employs the technique of direct address, questioning such a person, reminding them of nature's fury through the symbol of the thunderbolt.

The narrative then unfolds as an allegory, where the protagonist's story mirrors the poet's initial argument. The man vows to offer a hundred oxen to the god Jove in return for safety from the dangers of the sea, despite not owning even one. Upon reaching the shore, he presents a meager offering of "beefless bones," claiming that he is now free of debt. The god's reaction, a ‘seeming smile’, is an example of dramatic irony, hinting at the impending retribution.

The final turn arrives when the man is tricked by the god into falling amongst robbers. Here, the poem employs dramatic irony again as the man, who initially vowed a hundred oxen he didn't have, now promises a hundred talents of gold he doesn't possess. The robbers' disbelief and dismissal of the man serve as a critique of his empty vows, ending the poem on a note of poetic justice.

Understanding Fables

A fable is a timeless form of storytelling, typically featuring animals as characters that embody human traits, all while conveying a moral lesson. These short narratives have been used throughout history to impart wisdom, offering insights that remain relevant across generations.


Fables stand out for their simplicity and clarity, often concluding with a lesson that is easy to understand and remember. Here are some defining characteristics:

  • Animal Characters: The main characters are often animals that represent human behaviors and characteristics, making the stories both engaging and relatable.
  • Concise Narrative: Fables are brief and focused, with each story centering around a single event or interaction that leads to a moral conclusion.
  • Moral Lesson: The purpose of a fable is to teach a lesson, which is usually stated clearly at the end, offering practical advice or ethical guidance.

From Aesop's ancient tales to modern adaptations, fables continue to be a powerful tool for education and moral reflection, resonating with audiences of all ages.