Daphnis And Alcimadure

By Jean de La Fontaine

    An Imitation Of Theocritus.[1]     To Madame De La Msangre.[2]      Offspring of her to whom, to-day,      While from thy lovely self away,      A thousand hearts their homage pay,      Besides the throngs whom friendship binds to please,      And some whom love presents thee on their knees!      A mandate which I cannot thrust aside      Between you both impels me to divide      Some of the incense which the dews distil      Upon the roses of a sacred hill,      And which, by secret of my trade,      Is sweet and most delicious made.      To you, I say, ... but all to say      Would task me far beyond my day;      I need judiciously to choose;      Thus husbanding my voice and muse,      Whose strength and leisure soon would fail.      I'll only praise your tender heart, and hale,      Exalted feelings, wit, and grace,      In which there's none can claim a higher place,      Excepting her whose praise is your entail.      Let not too many thorns forbid to touch      These roses - I may call them such -      If Love should ever say as much.      By him it will be better said, indeed;      And they who his advices will not heed,      Scourge fearfully will he,      As you shall shortly see.      A blooming miracle of yore      Despised his godship's sovereign power;      They call'd her name Alcimadure.      A haughty creature, fierce and wild,      She sported, Nature's tameless child.      Rough paths her wayward feet would lead      To darkest glens of mossy trees;      Or she would dance on daisied mead,      With nought of law but her caprice.      A fairer could not be,      Nor crueller, than she.      Still charming in her sternest mien, -      E'en when her haughty look debarr'd, -      What had she been to lover in      The fortress of her kind regard!      Daphnis, a high-born shepherd swain,      Had loved this maiden to his bane.      Not one regardful look or smile,      Nor e'en a gracious word, the while,      Relieved the fierceness of his pain.      O'erwearied with a suit so vain,      His hope was but to die;      No power had he to fly.      He sought, impell'd by dark despair,      The portals of the cruel fair.      Alas! the winds his only listeners were!      The mistress gave no entrance there -      No entrance to the palace where,      Ingrate, against her natal day,      She join'd the treasures sweet and gay      In garden or in wild-wood grown,      To blooming beauty all her own.      'I hoped,' he cried,      'Before your eyes I should have died;      But, ah! too deeply I have won your hate;      Nor should it be surprising news      To me, that you should now refuse      To lighten thus my cruel fate.      My sire, when I shall be no more,      Is charged to lay your feet before      The heritage your heart neglected.      With this my pasturage shall be connected,      My trusty dog, and all that he protected;      And, of my goods which then remain,      My mourning friends shall rear a fane.      There shall your image stand, midst rosy bowers,      Reviving through the ceaseless hours      An altar built of living flowers.      Near by, my simple monument      Shall this short epitaph present:      "Here Daphnis died of love. Stop, passenger,      And say thou, with a falling tear,      This youth here fell, unable to endure      The ban of proud Alcimadure."'      He would have added, but his heart      Now felt the last, the fatal dart.      Forth march'd the maid, in triumph deck'd,      And of his murder little reck'd.      In vain her steps her own attendants check'd,      And plead      That she, at least, should shed,      Upon her lover dead,      Some tears of due respect.      The rosy god, of Cytherea born,      She ever treated with the deepest scorn:      Contemning him, his laws, and means of damage,      She drew her train to dance around his image,      When, woful to relate,      The statue fell, and crush'd her with its weight!      A voice forth issued from a cloud, -      And echo bore the words aloud      Throughout the air wide spread, -      "Let all now love - the insensible is dead."      Meanwhile, down to the Stygian tide      The shade of Daphnis hied,      And quaked and wonder'd there to meet      The maid, a ghostess, at his feet.      All Erebus awaken'd wide,      To hear that beauteous homicide      Beg pardon of the swain who died -      For being deaf to love confess'd,      As was Ulysses to the prayer      Of Ajax, begging him to spare,      Or as was Dido's faithless guest.[3]

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Poem Details

Language: English
Keywords: Public Domain
Source: Public Domain Collection
Rights/Permissions: Public Domain

Analysis & Notes:
This poem, written in a classical style reminiscent of Greek pastoral poems, is a complex narrative that explores themes of love, rejection, pride, and retribution. The tone fluctuates, beginning with almost a reverential homage to an unnamed woman, before delving into a tragic tale of unrequited love and divine retribution.

The poet employs a structured, rhythmic pattern that enhances the narrative's flow, allowing the reader to follow the story's progression smoothly. The poem’s structure also indicates a classical influence, as it mirrors the form of ancient Greek and Roman epics. The use of dialogue and the personification of love as a vengeful deity are significant literary devices that add to the poem's overall dramatic feel.

The central narrative is a cautionary tale of Alcimadure, a beautiful yet haughty maiden who spurns the love of Daphnis, a shepherd, leading to his death. Alcimadure's pride and refusal to acknowledge the power of love ultimately lead to her downfall, a classic example of the "pride before a fall" motif. The poem ends with a stark reminder of the inevitable power of love and the consequences of denying it. The poet's portrayal of love as a force capable of both creating and destroying reflects its complex and multifaceted nature. Despite the tragedy, the poem concludes on a somewhat redemptive note, as Alcimadure seeks forgiveness in the afterlife.

Overall, the poem is a rich exploration of love's spectrum, from reverence and devotion to rejection and retribution. Its use of classical references, intricate narrative, and careful structure make it a compelling read.

Exploring Narrative Poetry

Narrative poetry is a form of poetry that tells a story, often making use of the voices of a narrator and characters as well. Unlike lyric poetry, which focuses on emotions and thoughts, narrative poetry is dedicated to storytelling, weaving tales that captivate readers through plot and character development.


Narrative poems are unique in their ability to combine the depth of storytelling with the expressive qualities of poetry. Here are some defining characteristics:

  • Structured Plot: Narrative poems typically have a clear beginning, middle, and end, following a plot that might involve conflict, climax, and resolution, much like a short story or novel.
  • Character Development: Characters in narrative poems are often well-developed, with distinct voices and personalities that drive the story forward.
  • Descriptive Language: The language used in narrative poetry is vivid and descriptive, painting a clear picture of the scenes and events, while also conveying the emotions and atmosphere of the story.

From ancient epics like "The Iliad" and "The Odyssey" to more modern narrative poems, this form continues to engage readers by blending the art of storytelling with the beauty and rhythm of poetry.