To J.S

By Alfred Lord Tennyson

The wind, that beats the mountain, blows More softly round the open wold, And gently comes the world to those That are cast in gentle mould. And me this knowledge bolder made, Or else I had not dared to flow In these words toward you, and invade Even with a verse your holy woe. Tis strange that those we lean on most, Those in whose laps our limbs are nursed, Fall into shadow, soonest lost: Those we love first are taken first. God gives us love. Something to love He lends us; but, when love is grown To ripeness, that on which it throve Falls off, and love is left alone. This is the curse of time. Alas! In grief I am not all unlearnd; Once thro mine own doors Death did pass; One went, who never hath returnd. He will not smilenot speak to me Once more. Two years his chair is seen Empty before us. That was he Without whose life I had not been. Your loss is rarer; for this star Rose with you thro a little arc Of heaven, nor having wanderd far Shot on the sudden into dark. I knew your brother: his mute dust I honour and his living worth: A man more pure and bold and just Was never born into the earth. I have not lookd upon you nigh, Since that dear soul hath falln asleep. Great Nature is more wise than I: I will not tell you not to weep. And tho mine own eyes fill with dew, Drawn from the spirit thro the brain, I will not even preach to you, Weep, weeping dulls the inward pain. Let Grief be her own mistress still. She loveth her own anguish deep More than much pleasure. Let her will Be doneto weep or not to weep. I will not say, Gods ordinance Of Death is blown in every wind; For that is not a common chance That takes away a noble mind. His memory long will live alone In all our hearts, as mournful light That broods above the fallen sun, And dwells in heaven half the night. Vain solace! Memory standing near Cast down her eyes, and in her throat Her voice seemd distant, and a tear Dropt on the letters as I wrote. I wrote I know not what. In truth, How should I soothe you anyway, Who miss the brother of your youth? Yet something I did wish to say: For he too was a friend to me: Both are my friends, and my true breast Bleedeth for both; yet it may be That only silence suiteth best. Words weaker than your grief would make Grief more. Twere better I should cease Although myself could almost take The place of him that sleeps in peace. Sleep sweetly, tender heart, in peace: Sleep, holy spirit, blessed soul, While the stars burn, the moons increase, And the great ages onward roll. Sleep till the end, true soul and sweet. Nothing comes to thee new or strange. Sleep full of rest from head to feet; Lie still, dry dust, secure of change.

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Poem Details

Language: English
Keywords: Public Domain
Source: Public Domain Collection
Rights/Permissions: Public Domain

Analysis & Notes:
This poem is a deep exploration of love, loss, and grief, set in a tone both somber and tender. The poet uses the natural landscape to symbolize the fluctuating states of human emotion, from the gentle wind that signifies the gentle approach of the world to those of a softer disposition, to the shadow and darkness that signify death and loss. The theme of time is also prominent, serving as a reminder of life's fleeting nature and the inevitability of death.

The structure of the poem, progressing from the initial revelation of loss to the personal expression of grief and finally to a message of comfort and acceptance, mirrors the stages of mourning. The poet employs several literary devices, including metaphor and personification, to express the intensity of grief and the profound nature of loss. The use of personification, particularly in lines referring to Grief and Memory as entities capable of emotion, lends a depth and palpability to these abstract concepts, making them relatable. The poem, while acknowledging the pain of loss, ultimately encourages acceptance and the continuation of love beyond death. The concluding lines emphasize the enduring nature of love and memory, providing a sense of consolation amid the poignant depiction of grief.

Understanding Elegy

An elegy is a form of poetry that expresses sorrow or lamentation, often for someone who has died. This type of poetry serves as a tribute to the deceased, reflecting on their life and the grief left behind.


Elegies are deeply emotional and personal, exploring themes of loss, mourning, and remembrance. Here are some defining characteristics:

  • Mournful Tone: Elegies are characterized by a tone of sadness and reflection, as the poet grapples with the pain of loss.
  • Tribute to the Deceased: The subject of an elegy is often someone who has passed away, with the poem serving as a memorial that honors their life and legacy.
  • Personal Reflection: Elegies often include personal reflections on the impact of the deceased on the poet's life, as well as broader musings on mortality and the human condition.
  • Structure and Form: While elegies can vary in form, they often follow a traditional structure that includes an expression of grief, praise for the deceased, and a sense of consolation or acceptance.

From ancient times to the present, elegies have provided a way for poets to navigate the complexities of grief and loss, offering solace and a means of preserving the memory of those who have passed.