The Victim

By Alfred Lord Tennyson

I. A plague upon the people fell, A famine after laid them low; Then thorpe and byre arose in fire, For on them brake the sudden foe; So thick they died the people cried, The Gods are moved against the land. The Priest in horror about his altar To Thor and Odin lifted a hand: Help us from famine And plague and strife! What would you have of us? Human life? Were it our nearest, Were it our dearest, Answer, O answer! We give you his life. II. But still the foeman spoild and burnd, And cattle died, and deer in wood, And bird in air, and fishes turnd And whitend all the rolling flood; And dead men lay all over the way, Or down in a furrow scathed with flame; And ever and aye the Priesthood moand, Till at last it seemd that an answer came: The King is happy In child and wife; Take you his dearest, Give us a life. III. The Priest went out by heath and hill; The King was hunting in the wild; They found the mother sitting still; She cast her arms about the child. The child was only eight summers old, His beauty still with his years increased, His face was ruddy, his hair was gold; He seemd a victim due to the priest. The Priest beheld him, And cried with joy, The Gods have answerd; We give them the boy. IV. The King returnd from out the wild, He bore but little game in hand; The mother said, They have taken the child To spill his blood and heal the land. The land is sick, the people diseased, And blight and famine on all the lea; The holy Gods, they must be appeased, So I pray you tell the truth to me. They have taken our son, They will have his life. Is he your dearest? Or I, the wife? V. The King bent low, with hand on brow, He stayd his arms upon his knee: O wife, what use to answer now? For now the Priest has judged for me. The King was shaken with holy fear; The Gods, he said, would have chosen well; Yet both are near, and both are dear, And which the dearest I cannot tell! But the Priest was happy, His victim won: We have his dearest, His only son! VI. The rites prepared, the victim bared, The knife uprising toward the blow, To the altar-stone she sprang alone: Me, not my darling, no! He caught her away with a sudden cry; Suddenly from him brake his wife, And shrieking, I am his dearest, I I am his dearest! rushd on the knife. And the Priest was happy: O Father Odin, We give you a life. Which was his nearest? Who was his dearest? The Gods have answerd; We give them the wife!

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Poem Details

Language: English
Keywords: Public Domain
Source: Public Domain Collection
Rights/Permissions: Public Domain

Analysis & Notes:
This poem is a haunting narrative that explores themes of sacrifice, familial love, and divine appeasement, set within a backdrop of a ravaged land. The recurring motif of a plague, famine, and the relentless enemy depicts an atmosphere of desperation and despair. The poet employs a straightforward narrative style that, while presenting a vivid sequence of events, also leaves room for philosophical contemplation.

The poem is structured into six distinct sections, each advancing the narrative while also augmenting the emotional intensity. The characters' desperation in their appeals to the divine—Thor and Odin—is palpable, their willingness to sacrifice their "nearest" and "dearest" highlighting the severe circumstances. The concluding twist, the mother's self-sacrifice, provides both an emotional climax and a pointed commentary on the value of life and love in dire times.

The poet's use of archaic language and diction provides a sense of timelessness and universality to the story, making it accessible to a broad audience. The poem's tone shifts from despair to horror to profound sadness, which is effectively communicated through the poet's careful choice of words and progression of events.

Overall, the poem is a potent exploration of sacrifice, love, and the human condition when tested by extreme adversity. It challenges the readers to question the value of life, the nature of divine intervention, and the depths of human love and sacrifice.

Exploring Narrative Poetry

Narrative poetry is a form of poetry that tells a story, often making use of the voices of a narrator and characters as well. Unlike lyric poetry, which focuses on emotions and thoughts, narrative poetry is dedicated to storytelling, weaving tales that captivate readers through plot and character development.


Narrative poems are unique in their ability to combine the depth of storytelling with the expressive qualities of poetry. Here are some defining characteristics:

  • Structured Plot: Narrative poems typically have a clear beginning, middle, and end, following a plot that might involve conflict, climax, and resolution, much like a short story or novel.
  • Character Development: Characters in narrative poems are often well-developed, with distinct voices and personalities that drive the story forward.
  • Descriptive Language: The language used in narrative poetry is vivid and descriptive, painting a clear picture of the scenes and events, while also conveying the emotions and atmosphere of the story.

From ancient epics like "The Iliad" and "The Odyssey" to more modern narrative poems, this form continues to engage readers by blending the art of storytelling with the beauty and rhythm of poetry.