The Lotos-Eaters

By Alfred Lord Tennyson

Courage! he said, and pointed toward the land, This mounting wave will roll us shoreward soon. In the afternoon they came unto a land In which it seemed always afternoon. All round the coast the languid air did swoon, Breathing like one that hath a weary dream. Full-faced above the valley stood the moon; And like a downward smoke, the slender stream Along the cliff to fall and pause and fall did seem. A land of streams! some, like a downward smoke, Slow-dropping veils of thinnest lawn, did go; And some thro wavering lights and shadows broke, Rolling a slumbrous sheet of foam below. They saw the gleaming river seaward flow From the inner land: far off, three mountain-tops, Three silent pinnacles of aged snow, Stood sunset-flushd: and, dewd with showery drops, Up-clomb the shadowy pine above the woven copse. The charmed sunset lingerd low adown In the red West: thro mountain clefts the dale Was seen far inland, and the yellow down Borderd with palm, and many a winding vale And meadow, set with slender galingale; A land where all things always seemd the same! And round about the keel with faces pale, Dark faces pale against that rosy flame, The mild-eyed melancholy Lotos-eaters came. Branches they bore of that enchanted stem, Laden with flower and fruit, whereof they gave To each, but who so did receive of them, And taste, to him the gushing of the wave Far far away did seem to mourn and rave On alien shores; and if his fellow spake, His voice was thin, as voices from the grave; And deep-asleep he seemd, yet all awake, And music in his ears his beating heart did make. They sat them down upon the yellow sand, Between the sun and moon upon the shore; And sweet it was to dream of Fatherland, Of child, and wife, and slave; but evermore Most weary seemd the sea, weary the oar, Weary the wandering fields of barren foam. Then some one said, We will return no more; And all at once they sang, Our island home Is far beyond the wave; we will no longer roam. CHORIC SONG I. There is sweet music here that softer falls Than petals from blown roses on the grass, Or night-dews on still waters between walls Of shadowy granite, in a gleaming pass; Music that gentlier on the spirit lies, Than tird eyelids upon tird eyes; Music that brings sweet sleep down from the blissful skies. Here are cool mosses deep, And thro the moss the ivies creep, And in the stream the long-leaved flowers weep, And from the craggy ledge the poppy hangs in sleep. II. Why are we weighd upon with heaviness, And utterly consumed with sharp distress, While all things else have rest from weariness? All things have rest: why should we toil alone, We only toil, who are the first of things, And make perpetual moan, Still from one sorrow to another thrown: Nor ever fold our wings, And cease from wanderings, Nor steep our brows in slumbers holy balm; Nor harken what the inner spirit sings, There is no joy but calm! Why should we only toil, the roof and crown of things? III. Lo! in the middle of the wood, The folded leaf is wood from out the bud With winds upon the branch, and there Grows green and broad, and takes no care, Sun-steepd at noon, and in the moon Nightly dew-fed; and turning yellow Falls, and floats adown the air. Lo! sweetend with the summer light, The full-juiced apple, waxing over-mellow, Drops in a silent autumn night. All its allotted length of days, The flower ripens in its place, Ripens and fades, and falls, and hath no toil, Fast-rooted in the fruitful soil. IV. Hateful is the dark-blue sky, Vaulted oer the dark-blue sea. Death is the end of life; ah, why Should life all labour be? Let us alone. Time driveth onward fast, And in a little while our lips are dumb. Let us alone. What is it that will last? All things are taken from us, and become Portions and parcels of the dreadful Past. Let us alone. What pleasure can we have To war with evil? Is there any peace In ever climbing up the climbing wave? All things have rest, and ripen toward the grave In silence; ripen, fall and cease: Give us long rest or death, dark death, or dreamful ease. V. How sweet it were, hearing the downward stream, With half-shut eyes ever to seem Falling asleep in a half-dream! To dream and dream, like yonder amber light, Which will not leave the myrrh-bush on the height; To hear each others whisperd speech; Eating the Lotos day by day, To watch the crisping ripples on the beach, And tender curving lines of creamy spray; To lend our hearts and spirits wholly To the influence of mild-minded melancholy; To muse and brood and live again in memory, With those old faces of our infancy Heapd over with a mound of grass, Two handfuls of white dust, shut in an urn of brass! VI. Dear is the memory of our wedded lives, And dear the last embraces of our wives And their warm tears: but all hath sufferd change: For surely now our household hearths are cold: Our sons inherit us: our looks are strange: And we should come like ghosts to trouble joy. Or else the island princes over-bold Have eat our substance, and the minstrel sings Before them of the ten years war in Troy, And our great deeds, as half-forgotten things. Is there confusion in the little isle? Let what is broken so remain. The Gods are hard to reconcile: Tis hard to settle order once again. There is confusion worse than death, Trouble on trouble, pain on pain, Long labour unto aged breath, Sore task to hearts worn out by many wars And eyes grown dim with gazing on the pilot-stars. VII. But, propt on beds of amaranth and moly, How sweet (while warm airs lull us, blowing lowly) With half-dropt eyelid still, Beneath a heaven dark and holy, To watch the long bright river drawing slowly His waters from the purple hill To hear the dewy echoes calling From cave to cave thro the thick-twined vine To watch the emerald-colourd water falling Thro many a wovn acanthus-wreath divine! Only to hear and see the far-off sparkling brine, Only to hear were sweet, stretchd out beneath the pine. VIII. The Lotos blooms below the barren peak: The Lotos blows by every winding creek: All day the wind breathes low with mellower tone: Thro every hollow cave and alley lone Round and round the spicy downs the yellow lotos-dust is blown. We have had enough of action, and of motion we, Rolld to starboard, rolld to larboard, when the surge was seething free, Where the wallowing monster spouted his foam-fountains in the sea. Let us swear an oath, and keep it with an equal mind, In the hollow Lotos-land to live and lie reclined On the hills like Gods together, careless of mankind. For they lie beside their nectar, and the bolts are hurld Far below them in the valleys, and the clouds are lightly curld Round their golden houses, girdled with the gleaming world: Where they smile in secret, looking over wasted lands, Blight and famine, plague and earthquake, roaring deeps and fiery sands, Clanging fights, and flaming towns, and sinking ships, and praying hands. But they smile, they find a music centred in a doleful song Steaming up, a lamentation and an ancient tale of wrong, Like a tale of little meaning tho the words are strong; Chanted from an ill-used race of men that cleave the soil, Sow the seed, and reap the harvest with enduring toil, Storing yearly little dues of wheat, and wine and oil; Till they perish and they suffersome, tis whisperddown in hell Suffer endless anguish, others in Elysian valleys dwell, Resting weary limbs at last on beds of asphodel. Surely, surely, slumber is more sweet than toil, the shore Than labour in the deep mid-ocean, wind and wave and oar; Oh rest ye, brother mariners, we will not wander more.

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Poem Details

Language: English
Keywords: Public Domain
Source: Public Domain Collection
Rights/Permissions: Public Domain

Analysis & Notes:
This extensive poem is steeped in themes of exhaustion, escape, and the allure of a permanent dreamlike state. The initial verses conjure an image of a weary group of seafarers who stumble upon a strange and seemingly enchanted land, the inhabitants of which consume the flowers and fruits of the lotus, inducing a state of languid tranquillity and dream-like existence.

The poem's tone is heavily melancholic and longing, a feeling underscored by the repetitious lament of the weary travellers who yearn for respite from their toils. The structure of the poem, including the choric song, contributes to this sense of repetitious longing. The choric song's seven parts serve as a counterpoint to the narrative, offering philosophical reflections on life, toil, and death, underlining the main themes of the poem.

The poem is rich with vivid, sensuous imagery and metaphors - the languid air that swoons, full-faced moon, the gleaming river, the dark-blue sky, the downward smoke, are all examples of the poet's exceptional use of visual imagery. The literary device of personification is liberally applied, giving life and emotion to non-human elements, thus enhancing the ethereal quality of the verse. The repeated use of the lotus flower metaphor symbolizes the seductive pull of a life free from pain and suffering, a life of dream-induced oblivion.

In essence, the poem is a profound exploration of human desire for escapism, the yearning for a utopian existence free from the burdens of life, and the struggle between the compulsion to engage with the real world and the lure of a dreamlike state of blissful ignorance. The melancholy tone, the rhythmic structure, and the rich, evocative imagery all serve to create a deeply immersive reading experience.

Exploring Narrative Poetry

Narrative poetry is a form of poetry that tells a story, often making use of the voices of a narrator and characters as well. Unlike lyric poetry, which focuses on emotions and thoughts, narrative poetry is dedicated to storytelling, weaving tales that captivate readers through plot and character development.


Narrative poems are unique in their ability to combine the depth of storytelling with the expressive qualities of poetry. Here are some defining characteristics:

  • Structured Plot: Narrative poems typically have a clear beginning, middle, and end, following a plot that might involve conflict, climax, and resolution, much like a short story or novel.
  • Character Development: Characters in narrative poems are often well-developed, with distinct voices and personalities that drive the story forward.
  • Descriptive Language: The language used in narrative poetry is vivid and descriptive, painting a clear picture of the scenes and events, while also conveying the emotions and atmosphere of the story.

From ancient epics like "The Iliad" and "The Odyssey" to more modern narrative poems, this form continues to engage readers by blending the art of storytelling with the beauty and rhythm of poetry.