The Bushfire - An Allegory

By Banjo Paterson (Andrew Barton)

'Twas on the famous Empire run, Whose sun does never set, Whose grass and water, so they say, Have never failed them yet, They carry many million sheep, Through seasons dry and wet. They call the homestead Albion House, And then, along with that, There's Welshman's Gully, Scotchman's Hill, And Paddymelon Flat: And all these places are renowned For making jumbacks fat. And the out-paddocks, holy frost! There wouldn't be no sense For me to try and tell you half, They really are immense; A man might ride for days and weeks And never strike a fence. But still for years they never had Been known a sheep to lose; Old Billy Gladstone managed it, And you can bet your shoes He'd scores of supers under him, And droves of jackaroos. Old Billy had an eagle eye, And kept his wits about, If any chaps got trespassing He quickly cleared 'em out; And coves that used to "work a cross", They hated him, no doubt. But still he managed it in style, Until the times got dry, And Billy gave the supers word To see and mind their eye, "If any paddocks gets a-fire I'll know the reason why." Now on this point old Bill was sure, Because, for many a year, Whenever times got dry at all, As sure as you are here, The Paddymelon Flat got burnt Which Bill thought rather queer. He sent his smartest supers there To try and keep things right. No use! The grass was always dry, They'd go to sleep at night, And when they woke they'd go and find The whole concern alight. One morning it was very hot, The sun rose in a haze; Old Bill was cutting down some trees (One of his little ways); A black boy came hot-foot to say The Flat was in a blaze. Old Bill he swears a fearful oath And lets the tommy fall, Says he: "'ll take this business up, And fix it once for all; If this goes on the cursed run Will send us to the wall." So he withdrew his trespass suits, He'd one with Dutchy's boss, In prosecutions criminal He entered nolle pros., But these were neither here nor there, They always meant a loss. And off to Paddymelon Flat He started double quick Drayloads of men with lots of grog Lest heat should make them sick, And all the strangers came around To see him do the trick. And there the fire was flaming bright, For miles and miles it spread, And many a sheep and horse and cow Were numbered with the dead, The super came to meet Old Bill, And this is what he said: "No use, to try to beat it out, 'Twill dry you up like toast, I've done as much as man can do, Although I never boast; I think you'd better chuck it up, And let the jumbucks roast." Then Bill said just two words: "You're sacked," And pitches off his coat, And wrenches down a blue gum bough And clears his manly throat, And into it like threshing wheat Right sturdily he smote. And beat the blazing grass until His shirt was dripping wet; And all the people watched him there To see what luck he'd get, "Gosh! don't he make the cinders fly," And, Golly, don't he sweat!" But though they worked like Trojans all, The fire still went ahead So far as you could see around, The very skies were red, Sometimes the flames would start afresh, Just where they thought it dead. His men, too, quarreled 'mongst themselves And some coves gave it best And some said, "Light a fire in front, And burn from east to west", But Bill he still kept sloggin' in, And never took no rest. Then through the crowd a cornstalk kid Come ridin' to the spot Says he to Bill, "Now take a spell, You're lookin' very 'ot, And if you'll only listen, why, I'll tell you what is what. "These coves as set your grass on fire, There ain't no mortal doubt, I've seen 'em ridin' here and there, And pokin' round about; It ain't no use your workin' here, Until you finds them out. "See yonder, where you beat the fire, It's blazin' up again, And fires are starting right and left On Tipperary Plain, Beating them out is useless quite, Unless Heaven sends the rain. Then Bill, he turns upon the boy, "Oh, hold your tongue, you pup!" But a cinder blew across the creek While Bill stopped for a sup, And fired the Albion paddocks, too, It was a bitter cup; Old Bill's heart was broke at last, He had to chuck it up. Moral         The run is England's Empire great, The fire is the distress That burns the stock they represent, Prosperity you'll guess. And the blue gum bough is the Home Rule Bill That's making such a mess. And Ireland green, of course I mean By Paddymelon Flat; All men can see the fire, of course, Spreads on at such a bat, But who are setting it alight, I cannot tell you that. But this I think all men will see, And hold it very true, "Don't quarrel with effects until The cause is brought to view." What is the cause? That cornstalk boy, He seemed to think he knew.

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Poem Details

Language: English
Keywords: Public Domain
Source: Public Domain Collection
Rights/Permissions: Public Domain

Analysis & Notes:
This expansive narrative poem explores themes of management, resilience, environmental hazards, and political allegory. The setting is the vast Empire run, a symbol for the British Empire, managed by the steadfast Billy Gladstone, a stand-in for British statesman William E. Gladstone. The poet uses a colloquial and humorous tone to narrate the challenges faced by Billy and his team in maintaining this huge sheep run, especially their struggle against recurring fires.

The structure of the poem is consistent, employing a simple rhyming scheme that promotes a sense of continuity and relentlessness, mirroring the ongoing challenges of managing the run. The poem also employs vivid and detailed imagery, such as the fires spreading and the struggle to contain them, effectively placing the reader in the midst of the action. The poem concludes with a clear moral, transforming the narrative into an allegory for political struggles within the British Empire, specifically referencing the Home Rule Bill and Ireland. The poet thus uses the narrative of Billy and the Empire run as a vehicle to comment on the political landscape of the time, encouraging the audience to not merely tackle the effects of a problem, but to seek and address its root cause.

Understanding Fables

A fable is a timeless form of storytelling, typically featuring animals as characters that embody human traits, all while conveying a moral lesson. These short narratives have been used throughout history to impart wisdom, offering insights that remain relevant across generations.


Fables stand out for their simplicity and clarity, often concluding with a lesson that is easy to understand and remember. Here are some defining characteristics:

  • Animal Characters: The main characters are often animals that represent human behaviors and characteristics, making the stories both engaging and relatable.
  • Concise Narrative: Fables are brief and focused, with each story centering around a single event or interaction that leads to a moral conclusion.
  • Moral Lesson: The purpose of a fable is to teach a lesson, which is usually stated clearly at the end, offering practical advice or ethical guidance.

From Aesop's ancient tales to modern adaptations, fables continue to be a powerful tool for education and moral reflection, resonating with audiences of all ages.