A Prisoner In A Dungeon Deep

By Anne Bronte

    A prisoner in a dungeon deep     Sat musing silently;     His head was rested on his hand,     His elbow on his knee.     Turned he his thoughts to future times     Or are they backward cast?     For freedom is he pining now     Or mourning for the past?     No, he has lived so long enthralled     Alone in dungeon gloom     That he has lost regret and hope,     Has ceased to mourn his doom.     He pines not for the light of day     Nor sighs for freedom now;     Such weary thoughts have ceased at length     To rack his burning brow.     Lost in a maze of wandering thoughts     He sits unmoving there;     That posture and that look proclaim     The stupor of despair.     Yet not for ever did that mood     Of sullen calm prevail;     There was a something in his eye     That told another tale.     It did not speak of reason gone,     It was not madness quite;     It was a fitful flickering fire,     A strange uncertain light.     And sooth to say, these latter years     Strange fancies now and then     Had filled his cell with scenes of life     And forms of living men.     A mind that cannot cease to think     Why needs he cherish there?     Torpor may bring relief to pain     And madness to despair.     Such wildering scenes, such flitting shapes     As feverish dreams display:     What if those fancies still increase     And reason quite decay?     But hark, what sounds have struck his ear;     Voices of men they seem;     And two have entered now his cell;     Can this too be a dream?     'Orlando, hear our joyful news:     Revenge and liberty!     Your foes are dead, and we are come     At last to set you free.'     So spoke the elder of the two,     And in the captive's eyes     He looked for gleaming ecstasy     But only found surprise.     'My foes are dead! It must be then     That all mankind are gone.     For they were all my deadly foes     And friends I had not one.'

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Poem Details

Language: English
Keywords: Public Domain
Source: Public Domain Collection
Rights/Permissions: Public Domain

Analysis & Notes:
The poem captures the profound despair and solitude experienced by a prisoner, who becomes emblematic of mankind's struggles with isolation, hopelessness, and the potential for redemption. The theme of the poem is primarily centered around the paradox of freedom and imprisonment, both physical and psychological.

The sturdy structure of the poem, with its consistent rhyme scheme and evenly divided stanzas, contrasts sharply with the prisoner's inner turmoil and fractured psyche. The use of rhetorical questions in the early stanzas instigates a dialogue with the reader, nudging them to ponder the prisoner's plight and state of mind.

The tone begins as introspective and gloomy, mirroring the prisoner's solitude and melancholy. However, towards the end, it shifts to a more ambiguous and unsettling tone as the prisoner's hallucinations become more prevalent, and his grasp on reality seems to wane. This shift in tone, along with the introduction of unexpected visitors, adds a layer of suspense to the narrative.

The poem makes effective use of imagery and metaphor to portray the prisoner's mental state. The "fitful flickering fire" in his eyes serves as a metaphor for his wavering sanity, while the "maze of wandering thoughts" illustrates his mental turmoil. The poem closes with a bleak and poignant twist, revealing the prisoner's perception of himself as universally despised—a potent reflection on the human condition when subjected to extremes of isolation and despair.

Exploring Narrative Poetry

Narrative poetry is a form of poetry that tells a story, often making use of the voices of a narrator and characters as well. Unlike lyric poetry, which focuses on emotions and thoughts, narrative poetry is dedicated to storytelling, weaving tales that captivate readers through plot and character development.


Narrative poems are unique in their ability to combine the depth of storytelling with the expressive qualities of poetry. Here are some defining characteristics:

  • Structured Plot: Narrative poems typically have a clear beginning, middle, and end, following a plot that might involve conflict, climax, and resolution, much like a short story or novel.
  • Character Development: Characters in narrative poems are often well-developed, with distinct voices and personalities that drive the story forward.
  • Descriptive Language: The language used in narrative poetry is vivid and descriptive, painting a clear picture of the scenes and events, while also conveying the emotions and atmosphere of the story.

From ancient epics like "The Iliad" and "The Odyssey" to more modern narrative poems, this form continues to engage readers by blending the art of storytelling with the beauty and rhythm of poetry.