Two Sonnets: Harvard

By Oliver Wendell Holmes

At the meeting of the New York Harvard Club, February 21, 1878.     "CHRISTO ET ECCLESLE." 1700     To GOD'S ANOINTED AND HIS CHOSEN FLOCK     So ran the phrase the black-robed conclave chose     To guard the sacred cloisters that arose     Like David's altar on Moriah's rock.     Unshaken still those ancient arches mock     The ram's-horn summons of the windy foes     Who stand like Joshua's army while it blows     And wait to see them toppling with the shock.     Christ and the Church. Their church, whose narrow door     Shut out the many, who if overbold     Like hunted wolves were driven from the fold,     Bruised with the flails these godly zealots bore,     Mindful that Israel's altar stood of old     Where echoed once Araunah's threshing-floor.     1643 "VERITAS." 1878     Truth: So the frontlet's older legend ran,     On the brief record's opening page displayed;     Not yet those clear-eyed scholars were afraid     Lest the fair fruit that wrought the woe of man     By far Euphrates - where our sire began     His search for truth, and, seeking, was betrayed -     Might work new treason in their forest shade,     Doubling the curse that brought life's shortened span.     Nurse of the future, daughter of the past,     That stern phylactery best becomes thee now     Lift to the morning star thy marble brow     Cast thy brave truth on every warring blast!     Stretch thy white hand to that forbidden bough,     And let thine earliest symbol be thy last!

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Poem Details

Language: English
Keywords: Public Domain
Source: Public Domain Collection
Rights/Permissions: Public Domain

Analysis & Notes:
The poem is a contemplative discourse on religion, history, and truth. It is divided into two stanzas, each dedicated to a different theme, but both interconnected. The first stanza, with its references to biblical events and figures, seems to explore the concept of established religion, its exclusivity, and its resistance to change. The author employs strong imagery and biblical metaphors to convey this idea, using the comparison of the church to "David's altar on Moriah's rock" and the reference to the "black-robed conclave" to evoke the solemnity and rigidity of religious institutions.

The second stanza shifts focus to the pursuit of truth. The phrase "Truth: So the frontlet's older legend ran" suggests that truth, like religion, is an age-old pursuit but one that may lead to different outcomes. The poet uses the metaphor of the "forbidden bough"—referencing the Tree of Knowledge in the Garden of Eden—to imply the potentially dangerous but necessary quest for truth. The juxtaposition of religion and truth-seeking in the two stanzas suggests a nuanced commentary on the tension between faith and rational inquiry, and the challenge of reconciling tradition with progress. The poem's structure and the poet's use of historical and biblical references, vivid imagery, and rich language enhance the depth and complexity of these themes.

Understanding the Sonnet

The sonnet is one of the most enduring and celebrated forms of poetry, known for its strict structure and profound themes. With a history spanning centuries, sonnets have been used to explore love, beauty, politics, and mortality, all within the confines of just 14 lines.


Sonnets are characterized by their precise form and rhyme scheme, which vary depending on the type of sonnet. Here’s a closer look:

  • Shakespearean (English) Sonnet: Composed of three quatrains followed by a final couplet, with a rhyme scheme of ABABCDCDEFEFGG. This form often builds a complex argument or narrative, culminating in a powerful closing statement.
  • Petrarchan (Italian) Sonnet: Divided into an octave (eight lines) and a sestet (six lines), with a typical rhyme scheme of ABBAABBA for the octave, followed by various patterns in the sestet such as CDECDE or CDCDCD. The octave usually presents a problem, with the sestet providing a resolution.
  • Meter: Sonnets are traditionally written in iambic pentameter, which gives the poem a rhythmic and melodic quality that enhances its emotional impact.

The sonnet’s enduring appeal lies in its ability to condense complex emotions and ideas into a small but potent package, making it a favorite form for poets seeking to explore profound themes with precision and elegance.