To Christian Gottfried Ehrenberg For His Jubilaeum At Berlin, November 5, 1868

By Oliver Wendell Holmes

    Thou who hast taught the teachers of mankind     How from the least of things the mightiest grow,     What marvel jealous Nature made thee blind,     Lest man should learn what angels long to know?     Thou in the flinty rock, the river's flow,     In the thick-moted sunbeam's sifted light     Hast trained thy downward-pointed tube to show     Worlds within worlds unveiled to mortal sight,     Even as the patient watchers of the night, -     The cyclope gleaners of the fruitful skies, -     Show the wide misty way where heaven is white     All paved with suns that daze our wondering eyes.     Far o'er the stormy deep an empire lies,     Beyond the storied islands of the blest,     That waits to see the lingering day-star rise;     The forest-tinctured Eden of the West;     Whose queen, fair Freedom, twines her iron crest     With leaves from every wreath that mortals wear,     But loves the sober garland ever best     That science lends the sage's silvered hair; -     Science, who makes life's heritage more fair,     Forging for every lock its mastering key,     Filling with life and hope the stagnant air,     Pouring the light of Heaven o'er land and sea!     From her unsceptred realm we come to thee,     Bearing our slender tribute in our hands;     Deem it not worthless, humble though it be,     Set by the larger gifts of older lands     The smallest fibres weave the strongest bands, -     In narrowest tubes the sovereign nerves are spun, -     A little cord along the deep sea-sands     Makes the live thought of severed nations one     Thy fame has journeyed westering with the sun,     Prairies and lone sierras know thy name     And the long day of service nobly done     That crowns thy darkened evening with its flame!     One with the grateful world, we own thy claim, -     Nay, rather claim our right to join the throng     Who come with varied tongues, but hearts the same,     To hail thy festal morn with smiles and song;     Ah, happy they to whom the joys belong     Of peaceful triumphs that can never die     From History's record, - not of gilded wrong,     But golden truths that, while the world goes by     With all its empty pageant, blazoned high     Around the Master's name forever shine     So shines thy name illumined in the sky, -     Such joys, such triumphs, such remembrance thine!

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Poem Details

Language: English
Keywords: Public Domain
Source: Public Domain Collection
Rights/Permissions: Public Domain

Analysis & Notes:
This poem is a sublime tribute to the transformative power of knowledge and the corresponding reverence for those who seek and disseminate it. The speaker begins by addressing a teacher, who, despite being blind, has illuminated the mysteries of the universe for mankind. This paradox underlines the theme of enlightenment that pervades the poem - that true sight comes not from physical vision but from intellectual insight. The teacher's blindness also symbolizes the sacrifice that often accompanies the pursuit of knowledge.

The poem is rich in metaphors and imagery, with the teacher's "downward-pointed tube" symbolizing a telescope, revealing "worlds within worlds" to mortal sight. The poem also compares the teacher to astronomers ("the patient watchers of the night"), emphasizing the theme of exploration and discovery.

The tone of the poem is reverential, and the structure adheres to a rhythm that lends it a hymn-like quality, underscoring the spiritual value of knowledge. The poem culminates in placing the teacher's name in the sky, elevating him to a celestial level, and associating him with enduring fame and triumph. This poem, in essence, is a testament to the transformative power of knowledge and the enduring legacy of those who dedicate their lives to its pursuit.

Understanding the Sonnet

The sonnet is one of the most enduring and celebrated forms of poetry, known for its strict structure and profound themes. With a history spanning centuries, sonnets have been used to explore love, beauty, politics, and mortality, all within the confines of just 14 lines.


Sonnets are characterized by their precise form and rhyme scheme, which vary depending on the type of sonnet. Here’s a closer look:

  • Shakespearean (English) Sonnet: Composed of three quatrains followed by a final couplet, with a rhyme scheme of ABABCDCDEFEFGG. This form often builds a complex argument or narrative, culminating in a powerful closing statement.
  • Petrarchan (Italian) Sonnet: Divided into an octave (eight lines) and a sestet (six lines), with a typical rhyme scheme of ABBAABBA for the octave, followed by various patterns in the sestet such as CDECDE or CDCDCD. The octave usually presents a problem, with the sestet providing a resolution.
  • Meter: Sonnets are traditionally written in iambic pentameter, which gives the poem a rhythmic and melodic quality that enhances its emotional impact.

The sonnet’s enduring appeal lies in its ability to condense complex emotions and ideas into a small but potent package, making it a favorite form for poets seeking to explore profound themes with precision and elegance.