On The Death Of President Garfield

By Oliver Wendell Holmes

I.     Fallen with autumn's falling leaf     Ere yet his summer's noon was past,     Our friend, our guide, our trusted chief, -     What words can match a woe so vast!     And whose the chartered claim to speak     The sacred grief where all have part,     Where sorrow saddens every cheek     And broods in every aching heart?     Yet Nature prompts the burning phrase     That thrills the hushed and shrouded hall,     The loud lament, the sorrowing praise,     The silent tear that love lets fall.     In loftiest verse, in lowliest rhyme,     Shall strive unblamed the minstrel choir, - -     The singers of the new-born time,     And trembling age with outworn lyre.     No room for pride, no place for blame, -     We fling our blossoms on the grave,     Pale, - scentless, - faded, - all we claim,     This only, - what we had we gave.     Ah, could the grief of all who mourn     Blend in one voice its bitter cry,     The wail to heaven's high arches borne     Would echo through the caverned sky. II.     O happiest land, whose peaceful choice     Fills with a breath its empty throne!     God, speaking through thy people's voice,     Has made that voice for once His own.     No angry passion shakes the state     Whose weary servant seeks for rest;     And who could fear that scowling hate     Would strike at that unguarded breast?     He stands, unconscious of his doom,     In manly strength, erect, serene;     Around him Summer spreads her bloom;     He falls, - what horror clothes the scene!     How swift the sudden flash of woe     Where all was bright as childhood's dream!     As if from heaven's ethereal bow     Had leaped the lightning's arrowy gleam.     Blot the foul deed from history's page;     Let not the all-betraying sun     Blush for the day that stains an age     When murder's blackest wreath was won. III.     Pale on his couch the sufferer lies,     The weary battle-ground of pain     Love tends his pillow; Science tries     Her every art, alas! in vain.     The strife endures how long! how long!     Life, death, seem balanced in the scale,     While round his bed a viewless throng     Await each morrow's changing tale.     In realms the desert ocean parts     What myriads watch with tear-filled eyes,     His pulse-beats echoing in their hearts,     His breathings counted with their sighs!     Slowly the stores of life are spent,     Yet hope still battles with despair;     Will Heaven not yield when knees are bent?     Answer, O thou that hearest prayer.     But silent is the brazen sky;     On sweeps the meteor's threatening train,     Unswerving Nature's mute reply,     Bound in her adamantine chain.     Not ours the verdict to decide     Whom death shall claim or skill shall save;     The hero's life though Heaven denied,     It gave our land a martyr's grave.     Nor count the teaching vainly sent     How human hearts their griefs may share, -     The lesson woman's love has lent,     What hope may do, what faith can bear!     Farewell! the leaf-strown earth enfolds     Our stay, our pride, our hopes, our fears,     And autumn's golden sun beholds     A nation bowed, a world in tears.

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Poem Details

Language: English
Keywords: Public Domain
Source: Public Domain Collection
Rights/Permissions: Public Domain

Analysis & Notes:
The poem is a profound exploration of loss and mourning, with an overarching theme of national grief. The narrative structure progresses from the shock of loss, through the struggle of hope against despair, to final acceptance and farewell. The poet uses the seasonal metaphor of a leaf falling in autumn to signify an untimely death, setting a somber tone that pervades the entire poem.

The poet employs a range of literary devices to convey the depth of collective grief. Rich imagery, such as "the silent tear that love lets fall" and "a nation bowed, a world in tears", underscores the universal sorrow. The poet's use of personification and metaphor, as in "sorrow saddens every cheek" and "the all-betraying sun", imbue inanimate elements with emotional resonance, intensifying the pathos of the poem.

The poem also carries a political undercurrent, hinting at a leader's demise and its impact on the nation. The "unconscious" leader and the "empty throne" suggest a sudden, unexpected death. This theme of national bereavement is reinforced by repeated references to collective mourning and shared sorrow.

The poem's structured verses and rhythmic flow underscore the gravity of the subject matter, while the consistent use of end rhyme offers a sense of continuity, reflecting the enduring nature of grief. Despite its mournful theme, the poem also carries a message of unity and shared humanity, serving as a poignant reminder of the power of collective mourning in navigating personal and national loss.

Understanding Elegy

An elegy is a form of poetry that expresses sorrow or lamentation, often for someone who has died. This type of poetry serves as a tribute to the deceased, reflecting on their life and the grief left behind.


Elegies are deeply emotional and personal, exploring themes of loss, mourning, and remembrance. Here are some defining characteristics:

  • Mournful Tone: Elegies are characterized by a tone of sadness and reflection, as the poet grapples with the pain of loss.
  • Tribute to the Deceased: The subject of an elegy is often someone who has passed away, with the poem serving as a memorial that honors their life and legacy.
  • Personal Reflection: Elegies often include personal reflections on the impact of the deceased on the poet's life, as well as broader musings on mortality and the human condition.
  • Structure and Form: While elegies can vary in form, they often follow a traditional structure that includes an expression of grief, praise for the deceased, and a sense of consolation or acceptance.

From ancient times to the present, elegies have provided a way for poets to navigate the complexities of grief and loss, offering solace and a means of preserving the memory of those who have passed.