The Prisoner

By Emily Bronte

    A Fragment.     In the dungeon-crypts idly did I stray,     Reckless of the lives wasting there away;     "Draw the ponderous bars! open, Warder stern!"     He dared not say me nay, the hinges harshly turn.     "Our guests are darkly lodged," I whisper'd, gazing through     The vault, whose grated eye showed heaven more gray than blue;     (This was when glad Spring laughed in awaking pride;)     "Ay, darkly lodged enough!" returned my sullen guide.     Then, God forgive my youth; forgive my careless tongue;     I scoffed, as the chill chains on the damp flagstones rung:     "Confined in triple walls, art thou so much to fear,     That we must bind thee down and clench thy fetters here?"     The captive raised her face; it was as soft and mild     As sculptured marble saint, or slumbering unwean'd child;     It was so soft and mild, it was so sweet and fair,     Pain could not trace a line, nor grief a shadow there!     The captive raised her hand and pressed it to her brow;     "I have been struck," she said, "and I am suffering now;     Yet these are little worth, your bolts and irons strong;     And, were they forged in steel, they could not hold me long."     Hoarse laughed the jailor grim:    "Shall I be won to hear;     Dost think, fond, dreaming wretch, that I shall grant thy prayer?     Or, better still, wilt melt my master's heart with groans?     Ah! sooner might the sun thaw down these granite stones.     "My master's voice is low, his aspect bland and kind,     But hard as hardest flint the soul that lurks behind;     And I am rough and rude, yet not more rough to see     Than is the hidden ghost that has its home in me."     About her lips there played a smile of almost scorn,     "My friend," she gently said, "you have not heard me mourn;     When you my kindred's lives, MY lost life, can restore,     Then may I weep and sue, but never, friend, before!     "Still, let my tyrants know, I am not doomed to wear     Year after year in gloom, and desolate despair;     A messenger of Hope comes every night to me,     And offers for short life, eternal liberty.     "He comes with western winds, with evening's wandering airs,     With that clear dusk of heaven that brings the thickest stars.     Winds take a pensive tone, and stars a tender fire,     And visions rise, and change, that kill me with desire.     "Desire for nothing known in my maturer years,     When Joy grew mad with awe, at counting future tears.     When, if my spirit's sky was full of flashes warm,     I knew not whence they came, from sun or thunder-storm.     "But, first, a hush of peace, a soundless calm descends;     The struggle of distress, and fierce impatience ends;     Mute music soothes my breast, unuttered harmony,     That I could never dream, till Earth was lost to me.     "Then dawns the Invisible; the Unseen its truth reveals;     My outward sense is gone, my inward essence feels:     Its wings are almost free, its home, its harbour found,     Measuring the gulph, it stoops and dares the final bound,     "Oh I dreadful is the check, intense the agony,     When the ear begins to hear, and the eye begins to see;     When the pulse begins to throb, the brain to think again;     The soul to feel the flesh, and the flesh to feel the chain.     "Yet I would lose no sting, would wish no torture less;     The more that anguish racks, the earlier it will bless;     And robed in fires of hell, or bright with heavenly shine,     If it but herald death, the vision is divine!"     She ceased to speak, and we, unanswering, turned to go,     We had no further power to work the captive woe:     Her cheek, her gleaming eye, declared that man had given     A sentence, unapproved, and overruled by Heaven.

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Poem Details

Language: English
Keywords: Public Domain
Source: Public Domain Collection
Rights/Permissions: Public Domain

Analysis & Notes:
This poem is a profound exploration of oppression, resilience, and the human spirit's transcendent power. Written in a narrative style, the poem follows an unnamed observer's interaction with a female prisoner, revealing a stark contrast between the bleak physical environment and the woman's unconquerable spirit.

Thematically, the poem delves into the human condition, particularly the dual nature of suffering and hope. The oppressive setting and the woman's physical confinement underline the theme of suffering. However, the prisoner's calm demeanor, her refusal to mourn, and the arrival of a "messenger of Hope" portray an indomitable spirit and a beacon of hope in the face of despair.

The poet employs powerful imagery and metaphors to convey these themes. The dungeon, the chains, and the stern warder symbolize oppression and confinement. In contrast, the woman, likened to a "sculptured marble saint," represents purity, resilience, and a spirit unmarred by suffering. Her assertion that the physical chains "could not hold me long" embodies the human spirit's invincibility.

The poem's tone is somber, reflecting the grimness of the setting. However, it is also imbued with a sense of defiance and hope, echoing the prisoner's inner strength. The structure of the poem, with its rhythmic and rhyming verses, lends a musical quality that contrasts with its dark theme, perhaps suggesting the harmony that the woman finds within her soul despite her grim surroundings.

Overall, the poem offers a potent commentary on the power of the human spirit to transcend physical and psychological barriers, and the potential of hope to illuminate even the darkest corners of despair.

Exploring Narrative Poetry

Narrative poetry is a form of poetry that tells a story, often making use of the voices of a narrator and characters as well. Unlike lyric poetry, which focuses on emotions and thoughts, narrative poetry is dedicated to storytelling, weaving tales that captivate readers through plot and character development.


Narrative poems are unique in their ability to combine the depth of storytelling with the expressive qualities of poetry. Here are some defining characteristics:

  • Structured Plot: Narrative poems typically have a clear beginning, middle, and end, following a plot that might involve conflict, climax, and resolution, much like a short story or novel.
  • Character Development: Characters in narrative poems are often well-developed, with distinct voices and personalities that drive the story forward.
  • Descriptive Language: The language used in narrative poetry is vivid and descriptive, painting a clear picture of the scenes and events, while also conveying the emotions and atmosphere of the story.

From ancient epics like "The Iliad" and "The Odyssey" to more modern narrative poems, this form continues to engage readers by blending the art of storytelling with the beauty and rhythm of poetry.