In Hospital - XX - Visitor

By William Ernest Henley

    Her little face is like a walnut shell     With wrinkling lines; her soft, white hair adorns     Her withered brows in quaint, straight curls, like horns;     And all about her clings an old, sweet smell.     Prim is her gown and quakerlike her shawl.     Well might her bonnets have been born on her.     Can you conceive a Fairy Godmother     The subject of a strong religious call?     In snow or shine, from bed to bed she runs,     All twinkling smiles and texts and pious tales,     Her mittened hands, that ever give or pray,     Bearing a sheaf of tracts, a bag of buns:     A wee old maid that sweeps the Bridegroom's way,     Strong in a cheerful trust that never fails.

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Poem Details

Language: English
Keywords: Public Domain
Source: Public Domain Collection
Rights/Permissions: Public Domain

Analysis & Notes:
The poem presents a vivid and affectionate portrayal of an elderly woman, utilizing rich descriptive language and a mixture of religious and fairy tale imagery to bring to life her character. The first four lines illustrate the woman's physical appearance with metaphoric comparisons, likening her face to a "walnut shell" and her hair to "quaint, straight curls, like horns." This not only paints a vivid picture of the woman but also hints at her age and the wisdom and experience that come with it. The "old, sweet smell" that "clings all about her" might suggest familiarity, comfort, and a sense of nostalgia.

The poem's tone is warm and respectful, portraying the woman as a figure of relentless faith and kindness. The poet ponders if one can "conceive a Fairy Godmother / The subject of a strong religious call," highlighting her dual roles as a nurturing figure and a devout believer. The final lines reveal her tireless devotion to her duties, "from bed to bed she runs," armed with "a sheaf of tracts, a bag of buns." The imagery of her "sweeping the Bridegroom's way" is a biblical allusion to John the Baptist preparing the way for Christ, further emphasizing her religious commitment. The poet's use of meter and rhyme gives the poem a rhythmic, song-like quality that underscores the charm and endearing qualities of the woman. Despite her advanced age, she is "strong in a cheerful trust that never fails," embodying resilience, faith, and positivity.

Understanding the Sonnet

The sonnet is one of the most enduring and celebrated forms of poetry, known for its strict structure and profound themes. With a history spanning centuries, sonnets have been used to explore love, beauty, politics, and mortality, all within the confines of just 14 lines.


Sonnets are characterized by their precise form and rhyme scheme, which vary depending on the type of sonnet. Here’s a closer look:

  • Shakespearean (English) Sonnet: Composed of three quatrains followed by a final couplet, with a rhyme scheme of ABABCDCDEFEFGG. This form often builds a complex argument or narrative, culminating in a powerful closing statement.
  • Petrarchan (Italian) Sonnet: Divided into an octave (eight lines) and a sestet (six lines), with a typical rhyme scheme of ABBAABBA for the octave, followed by various patterns in the sestet such as CDECDE or CDCDCD. The octave usually presents a problem, with the sestet providing a resolution.
  • Meter: Sonnets are traditionally written in iambic pentameter, which gives the poem a rhythmic and melodic quality that enhances its emotional impact.

The sonnet’s enduring appeal lies in its ability to condense complex emotions and ideas into a small but potent package, making it a favorite form for poets seeking to explore profound themes with precision and elegance.