Glenara

By Thomas Campbell

    O, heard ye yon pibroch sound sad in the gale,     Where a band cometh slowly with weeping and wail?     'Tis the chief of Glenara laments for his dear;     And her sire and her people are called to her bier.     Glenara came first, with the mourners and shroud;     Her kinsmen they followed, but mourned not aloud;     Their plaids all their bosoms were folded around;     They marched all in silence, they looked on the ground.     In silence they reached, over mountain and moor,     To a heath where the oak-tree grew lonely and hoar;     "Now here let us place the gray stone of her cairn;     Why speak ye no word?" said Glenara the stern.     "And tell me, I charge ye, ye clan of my spouse,     Why fold ye your mantles, why cloud ye your brows?"     So spake the rude chieftain; no answer is made.     But each mantle, unfolding, a dagger displayed.     "I dreamt of my lady, I dreamt of her shroud."     Cried a voice from the kinsmen, all wrathful and loud;     "And empty that shroud and that coffin did seem;     Glenara! Glenara! now read me my dream!"     O, pale grew the cheek of that chieftain, I ween,     When the shroud was unclosed and no lady was seen;     When a voice from the kinsmen spoke louder in scorn,     'Twas the youth who had loved the fair Ellen of Lorn,     "I dreamt of my lady, I dreamt of her grief,     I dreamt that her lord was a barbarous chief;     On a rock of the ocean fair Ellen did seem;     Glenara! Glenara! now read me my dream!"     In dust low the traitor has knelt to the ground,     And the desert revealed where his lady was found;     From a rock of the ocean that beauty is borne;     Now joy to the house of fair Ellen of Lorn.

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Poem Details

Language: English
Keywords: Public Domain
Source: Public Domain Collection
Rights/Permissions: Public Domain

Analysis & Notes:
This narrative poem employs a melancholic tone to convey a story of mourning, mystery, and betrayal. It explores themes of love, loss, and revenge within the context of a traditional Scottish milieu, using the cultural elements of pibroch music, plaids, and the clan system to enhance the narrative's authenticity. The poem's structure, composed of alternating rhymed quatrains, mirrors the rhythm of a traditional Scottish ballad, helping to create a somber, rhythmic flow that underscores the tale's tragic elements.

The poet uses a variety of literary devices to build suspense and reveal character. Repetition, as seen in "Glenara! Glenara! now read me my dream!," builds tension while foreshadowing the chieftain's guilt and impending downfall. Symbolism is also evident, particularly through the use of the shroud, which serves as a physical manifestation of deception. The unexpected revelation of daggers under the clan's mantles serves as a dramatic climax, transforming the poem from a mournful lament into a tale of vengeance. Overall, the poem offers a compelling exploration of human emotions and the consequences of betrayal, set against the backdrop of cultural tradition.

Understanding Ballads

A ballad is a form of verse, often a narrative set to music, that has been a cornerstone of storytelling across various cultures. Traditionally passed down orally, ballads are known for their rhythmic structure and often tell tales of love, adventure, and heroism.


Ballads are characterized by their strong rhythm and repetition, making them both memorable and engaging. Here are some defining features:

  • Narrative Structure: Ballads typically tell a story, often a dramatic or emotional tale that unfolds in a straightforward, chronological order.
  • Quatrain Stanzas: Most ballads are composed of quatrains (four-line stanzas) with a rhyme scheme of ABAB or ABCB, which adds to the musicality of the verse.
  • Repetition: Refrains or repeated lines are common in ballads, helping to emphasize key themes or emotions and making the ballad easier to remember.
  • Oral Tradition: Many ballads originated from oral traditions, which means they were passed down through generations by word of mouth before being written down.

From medieval minstrels to contemporary songwriters, ballads have continued to evolve, remaining a beloved form of expression that captures the human experience in a way that is both poetic and accessible.