Cremona

By Arthur Conan Doyle

    [The French Army, including a part of the Irish Brigade, under Marshal Villeroy, held the fortified town of Cremona during the winter of 1702. Prince Eugene, with the Imperial Army, surprised it one morning, and, owing to the treachery of a priest, occupied the whole city before the alarm was given. Villeroy was captured, together with many of the French garrison. The Irish, however, consisting of the regiments of Dillon and of Burke, held a fort commanding the river gate, and defended themselves all day, in spite of Prince Eugene's efforts to win them over to his cause. Eventually Eugene, being unable to take the post, was compelled to withdraw from the city.]     The Grenadiers of Austria are proper men and tall;     The Grenadiers of Austria have scaled the city wall;     They have marched from far away     Ere the dawning of the day,     And the morning saw them masters of Cremona.     There's not a man to whisper, there's not a horse to neigh;     Of the footmen of Lorraine and the riders of Dupres,     They have crept up every street,     In the market-place they meet,     They are holding every vantage in Cremona.     The Marshal Villeroy he has started from his bed;     The Marshal Villeroy has no wig upon his head;     'I have lost my men!' quoth he,     'And my men they have lost me,     And I sorely fear we both have lost Cremona.'     Prince Eugene of Austria is in the market-place;     Prince Eugene of Austria has smiles upon his face;     Says he, 'Our work is done,     For the Citadel is won,     And the black and yellow flag flies o'er Cremona.'     Major Dan O'Mahony is in the barrack square,     And just six hundred Irish lads are waiting for him there;     Says he, 'Come in your shirt,     And you won't take any hurt,     For the morning air is pleasant in Cremona.'     Major Dan O'Mahony is at the barrack gate,     And just six hundred Irish lads will neither stay nor wait;     There's Dillon and there's Burke,     And there'll be some bloody work     Ere the Kaiserlics shall boast they hold Cremona.     Major Dan O'Mahony has reached the river fort,     And just six hundred Irish lads are joining in the sport;     'Come, take a hand!' says he,     'And if you will stand by me,     Then it's glory to the man who takes Cremona!'     Prince Eugene of Austria has frowns upon his face,     And loud he calls his Galloper of Irish blood and race:     'MacDonnell, ride, I pray,     To your countrymen, and say     That only they are left in all Cremona!'     MacDonnell he has reined his mare beside the river dyke,     And he has tied the parley flag upon a sergeant's pike;     Six companies were there     From Limerick and Clare,     The last of all the guardians of Cremona.     'Now, Major Dan O'Mahony, give up the river gate,     Or, Major Dan O'Mahony, you'll find it is too late;     For when I gallop back     'Tis the signal for attack,     And no quarter for the Irish in Cremona!'     And Major Dan he laughed: 'Faith, if what you say be true,     And if they will not come until they hear again from you,     Then there will be no attack,     For you're never going back,     And we'll keep you snug and safely in Cremona.'     All the weary day the German stormers came,     All the weary day they were faced by fire and flame,     They have filled the ditch with dead,     And the river's running red;     But they cannot win the gateway of Cremona.     All the weary day, again, again, again,     The horsemen of Dupres and the footmen of Lorraine,     Taafe and Herberstein,     And the riders of the Rhine;     It's a mighty price they're paying for Cremona.     Time and time they came with the deep-mouthed German roar,     Time and time they broke like the wave upon the shore;     For better men were there     From Limerick and Clare,     And who will take the gateway of Cremona?     Prince Eugene has watched, and he gnaws his nether lip;     Prince Eugene has cursed as he saw his chances slip:     'Call off! Call off!' he cried,     'It is nearing eventide,     And I fear our work is finished in Cremona.'     Says Wauchop to McAulliffe, 'Their fire is growing slack.'     Says Major Dan O'Mahony, 'It is their last attack;     But who will stop the game     While there's light to play the same,     And to walk a short way with them from Cremona?'     And so they snarl behind them, and beg them turn and come,     They have taken Neuberg's standard, they have taken Diak's drum;     And along the winding Po,     Beard on shoulder, stern and slow     The Kaiserlics are riding from Cremona.     Just two hundred Irish lads are shouting on the wall;     Four hundred more are lying who can hear no slogan call;     But what's the odds of that,     For it's all the same to Pat     If he pays his debt in Dublin or Cremona.     Says General de Vaudray, 'You've done a soldier's work!     And every tongue in France shall talk of Dillon and of Burke!     Ask what you will this day,     And be it what it may,     It is granted to the heroes of Cremona.'     'Why, then,' says Dan O'Mahony, 'one favour we entreat,     We were called a little early, and our toilet's not complete.     We've no quarrel with the shirt,     But the breeches wouldn't hurt,     For the evening air is chilly in Cremona.'

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Poem Details

Language: English
Keywords: Public Domain
Source: Public Domain Collection
Rights/Permissions: Public Domain

Analysis & Notes:
This poem, set in the background of war, is a compelling narrative of valiant resistance and unwavering loyalty. It explores themes of courage, honor, and nationalism, and is rich with historical references, specifically to the Irish Brigade's defense of Cremona in 1702.

The poem's structure is linear, progressing through the events of the day with a rhythmic, almost ballad-like quality. The varied stanza lengths create a dynamic flow, reflecting the ebb and flow of the battle. This, coupled with the use of repetition, emphasizes the cyclical nature of warfare. Key motifs, such as the repeated reference to 'Cremona', help to anchor the poem and underscore its central focus.

The tone is both serious and heroic, capturing the grit and determination of the Irish soldiers. The speaker's voice is imbued with respect, admiration, and a certain wry humor, particularly in the closing lines where Major Dan O'Mahony requests breeches due to the evening chill, underscoring the Irish soldiers' resilience and spirit.

The poem employs vivid and evocative imagery, painting a portrait of the battlefield and the characters involved. This is particularly evident in phrases like "the river's running red" and "all the weary day", which create a stark picture of the brutality and relentlessness of war. Yet, amidst the violence and bloodshed, the poem also celebrates human courage and camaraderie, particularly in the portrayal of the Irish soldiers' indomitable spirit.

In conclusion, this is a powerful and moving poem that offers a rich exploration of historical events, human courage, and the cost of war, while also celebrating Irish valor and nationalism.

Understanding Ballads

A ballad is a form of verse, often a narrative set to music, that has been a cornerstone of storytelling across various cultures. Traditionally passed down orally, ballads are known for their rhythmic structure and often tell tales of love, adventure, and heroism.


Ballads are characterized by their strong rhythm and repetition, making them both memorable and engaging. Here are some defining features:

  • Narrative Structure: Ballads typically tell a story, often a dramatic or emotional tale that unfolds in a straightforward, chronological order.
  • Quatrain Stanzas: Most ballads are composed of quatrains (four-line stanzas) with a rhyme scheme of ABAB or ABCB, which adds to the musicality of the verse.
  • Repetition: Refrains or repeated lines are common in ballads, helping to emphasize key themes or emotions and making the ballad easier to remember.
  • Oral Tradition: Many ballads originated from oral traditions, which means they were passed down through generations by word of mouth before being written down.

From medieval minstrels to contemporary songwriters, ballads have continued to evolve, remaining a beloved form of expression that captures the human experience in a way that is both poetic and accessible.