Sonnet LXXVIII.

By Francesco Petrarca (Petrarch)

    Poi che voi ed io più volte abbiam provato.     TO A FRIEND, COUNSELLING HIM TO ABANDON EARTHLY PLEASURES.         Still has it been our bitter lot to prove     How hope, or e'er it reach fruition, flies!     Up then to that high good, which never dies,     Lift we the heart--to heaven's pure bliss above.     On earth, as in a tempting mead, we rove,     Where coil'd 'mid flowers the traitor serpent lies;     And, if some casual glimpse delight our eyes,     'Tis but to grieve the soul enthrall'd by Love.     Oh! then, as thou wouldst wish ere life's last day     To taste the sweets of calm unbroken rest,     Tread firm the narrow, shun the beaten way--     Ah! to thy friend too well may be address'd:     "Thou show'st a path, thyself most apt to stray,     Which late thy truant feet, fond youth, have never press'd."     WRANGHAM.         Friend, as we both in confidence complain     To see our ill-placed hopes return in vain,     Let that chief good which must for ever please     Exalt our thought and fix our happiness.     This world as some gay flowery field is spread,     Which hides a serpent in its painted bed,     And most it wounds when most it charms our eyes,     At once the tempter and the paradise.     And would you, then, sweet peace of mind restore,     And in fair calm expect your parting hour,     Leave the mad train, and court the happy few.     Well may it be replied, "O friend, you show     Others the path, from which so often you     Have stray'd, and now stray farther than before."     BASIL KENNET.

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Poem Details

Language: English
Keywords: Public Domain
Source: Public Domain Collection
Rights/Permissions: Public Domain

Analysis & Notes:
This poem presents a profound exploration of the human desire for the divine and the struggle against earthly temptations. The theme is a classic one, showing the human experience as a constant battle between the spiritual and the corporeal, with the 'traitor serpent' symbolizing the seductive allure of worldly pleasures that often lead to sorrow. The repeated imagery of the 'mead' and 'flowers' indicate the deceptive beauty of these worldly pleasures, emphasizing their potential for harm despite their appealing facade.

The poem's tone is a thoughtful counsel, guiding the reader to seek higher, divine pleasures over transient earthly ones. The structure follows a traditional sonnet form, and uses this to build an argument and then counter it in the final lines, creating a powerful and reflective ending. The speaker, while advising his friend, acknowledges his own failures to follow the path he recommends, adding a layer of humility and relatability to the poem. This self-reflective element is a standout feature, making the poem feel intimate and personal. It is a poignant reminder of our human fallibility and the constant struggle for spiritual ascendance.

Understanding the Sonnet

The sonnet is one of the most enduring and celebrated forms of poetry, known for its strict structure and profound themes. With a history spanning centuries, sonnets have been used to explore love, beauty, politics, and mortality, all within the confines of just 14 lines.


Sonnets are characterized by their precise form and rhyme scheme, which vary depending on the type of sonnet. Here’s a closer look:

  • Shakespearean (English) Sonnet: Composed of three quatrains followed by a final couplet, with a rhyme scheme of ABABCDCDEFEFGG. This form often builds a complex argument or narrative, culminating in a powerful closing statement.
  • Petrarchan (Italian) Sonnet: Divided into an octave (eight lines) and a sestet (six lines), with a typical rhyme scheme of ABBAABBA for the octave, followed by various patterns in the sestet such as CDECDE or CDCDCD. The octave usually presents a problem, with the sestet providing a resolution.
  • Meter: Sonnets are traditionally written in iambic pentameter, which gives the poem a rhythmic and melodic quality that enhances its emotional impact.

The sonnet’s enduring appeal lies in its ability to condense complex emotions and ideas into a small but potent package, making it a favorite form for poets seeking to explore profound themes with precision and elegance.