To the United States Senate

By Vachel Lindsay

[Revelation 16: Verses 16-19]         And must the Senator from Illinois         Be this squat thing, with blinking, half-closed eyes?         This brazen gutter idol, reared to power         Upon a leering pyramid of lies?         And must the Senator from Illinois         Be the world's proverb of successful shame,         Dazzling all State house flies that steal and steal,         Who, when the sad State spares them, count it fame?         If once or twice within his new won hall         His vote had counted for the broken men;         If in his early days he wrought some good -         We might a great soul's sins forgive him then.         But must the Senator from Illinois         Be vindicated by fat kings of gold?         And must he be belauded by the smirched,         The sleek, uncanny chiefs in lies grown old?         Be warned, O wanton ones, who shielded him -         Black wrath awaits.    You all shall eat the dust.         You dare not say:    "To-morrow will bring peace;         Let us make merry, and go forth in lust."         What will you trading frogs do on a day         When Armageddon thunders thro' the land;         When each sad patriot rises, mad with shame,         His ballot or his musket in his hand?         In the distracted states from which you came         The day is big with war hopes fierce and strange;         Our iron Chicagos and our grimy mines         Rumble with hate and love and solemn change.         Too many weary men shed honest tears,         Ground by machines that give the Senate ease.         Too many little babes with bleeding hands         Have heaped the fruits of empire on your knees.         And swine within the Senate in this day,         When all the smothering by-streets weep and wail;         When wisdom breaks the hearts of her best sons;         When kingly men, voting for truth, may fail: -         These are a portent and a call to arms.         Our protest turns into a battle cry:         "Our shame must end, our States be free and clean;         And in this war we choose to live and die."

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Poem Details

Language: English
Keywords: Public Domain
Source: Public Domain Collection
Rights/Permissions: Public Domain

Analysis & Notes:
This poem is a scathing indictment of the corrupting influence of power, as embodied in the figure of a Senator from Illinois, here likely a reference to Barack Obama. The poem's use of a loose, conversational tone and irregular meter creates a sense of urgency and intimacy, drawing the reader into the poet's outrage. The voice is that of a moral provocateur, using rhetorical questions and hyperbole to expose the Senator's complicity in the perpetuation of systemic injustice. The imagery is vivid and often grotesque, with the Senator likened to a brazen gutter idol and the beneficiaries of his power described as swine within the Senate. A tonal shift occurs in the final stanza, as the poem's anger gives way to a sense of determination and defiance, with the speaker calling for our shame to end and the States to be free and clean. The observation that the poem's final cry of Our shame must end is a battle cry suggests that the poem is not just a critique of individual corruption, but a call to action for collective transformation.

Understanding Satirical Poetry

Satirical poems use wit, irony, exaggeration, and ridicule to expose folly—personal, social, or political. The aim isn’t just laughter: it’s critique that nudges readers toward insight or change.


Common characteristics of satirical poetry:

  • Targeted Critique: Focuses on specific behaviors, institutions, or ideas—often timely, sometimes timeless.
  • Tools of Irony: Uses sarcasm, parody, understatement, and hyperbole to sharpen the point.
  • Voice & Persona: Speakers may be unreliable or exaggerated to reveal contradictions and hypocrisy.
  • Form Flexibility: Appears in couplets, tercets, quatrains, blank verse, or free verse—music serves the mockery.
  • Moral Pressure: Beneath the humor lies ethical pressure—satire seeks reform, not merely amusement.
  • Public & Personal: Can lampoon public figures and trends or needle private vanities and everyday pretenses.

The best satire balances bite with craft: memorable lines that entertain while revealing the gap between how things are and how they ought to be.