Winter.

By Archibald Lampman

    The long days came and went; the riotous bees     Tore the warm grapes in many a dusty-vine,     And men grew faint and thin with too much ease,     And Winter gave no sign:     But all the while beyond the northmost woods     He sat and smiled and watched his spirits play     In elfish dance and eery roundelay,     Tripping in many moods     With snowy curve and fairy crystal shine.     But now the time is come: with southward speed     The elfin spirits pass: a secret sting     Hath fallen and smitten flower and fruit and weed,     And every leafy thing.     The wet woods moan: the dead leaves break and fall;     In still night-watches wakeful men have heard     The muffled pipe of many a passing bird,     High over hut and hall,     Straining to southward with unresting wing.     And then they come with colder feet, and fret     The winds with snow, and tuck the streams to sleep     With icy sheet and gleaming coverlet,     And fill the valleys deep     With curvèd drifts, and a strange music raves     Among the pines, sometimes in wails, and then     In whistled laughter, till affrighted men     Draw close, and into caves     And earthy holes the blind beasts curl and creep.     And so all day above the toiling heads     Of men's poor chimneys, full of impish freaks,     Tearing and twisting in tight-curlèd shreds     The vain unnumbered reeks,     The Winter speeds his fairies forth and mocks     Poor bitten men with laughter icy cold,     Turning the brown of youth to white and old     With hoary-woven locks,     And grey men young with roses in their cheeks.     And after thaws, when liberal water swells     The bursting eaves, he biddeth drip and grow     The curly horns of ribbèd icicles     In many a beard-like row.     In secret moods of mercy and soft dole,     Old warpèd wrecks and things of mouldering death     That summer scorns and man abandoneth     His careful hands console     With lawny robes and draperies of snow.     And when night comes, his spirits with chill feet,     Winged with white mirth and noiseless mockery,     Across men's pallid windows peer and fleet,     And smiling silverly     Draw with mute fingers on the frosted glass     Quaint fairy shapes of icèd witcheries,     Pale flowers and glinting ferns and frigid trees     And meads of mystic grass,     Graven in many an austere phantasy.     But far away the Winter dreams alone,     Rustling among his snow-drifts, and resigns     Cold fondling ears to hear the cedars moan     In dusky-skirted lines     Strange answers of an ancient runic call;     Or somewhere watches with his antique eyes,     Gray-chill with frosty-lidded reveries,     The silvery moonshine fall     In misty wedges through his girth of pines.     Poor mortals haste and hide away: creep soon     Into your icy beds: the embers die;     And on your frosted panes the pallid moon     Is glimmering brokenly.     Mutter faint prayers that spring will come e'erwhile,     Scarring with thaws and dripping days and nights     The shining majesty of him that smites     And slays you with a smile     Upon his silvery lips, of glinting mockery.

Share & Analyze This Poem

Spread the beauty of poetry or dive deeper into analysis

Analyze This Poem

Discover the literary devices, structure, and deeper meaning

Create Image

Transform this poem into a beautiful shareable image

Copy to Clipboard

Save this poem for personal use or sharing offline


Share the Love of Poetry

Poem Details

Language: English
Keywords: Public Domain
Source: Public Domain Collection
Rights/Permissions: Public Domain

Analysis & Notes:
This poem explores the ambivalent relationship between humanity and winter, personified as a powerful, almost playful, force. The long, flowing lines and irregular rhyme scheme create a sense of the season's vastness and unpredictable nature. The poem's voice is detached and observant, mimicking the winter's own quiet, watchful presence. Imagery of icy landscapes, frozen creatures, and the slow, inexorable advance of snow dominates, emphasizing the winter's cold beauty and relentless power. A subtle shift occurs in the final stanza, as the tone becomes more ominous and the winter's mockery more pronounced. The speaker directly addresses the reader, urging them to cower in fear before the winter's shining majesty, a chilling portrayal of the season's destructive potential. Ultimately, the poem suggests that while winter may bring beauty and renewal, it also carries a potent, inescapable threat.

Understanding Ballads

A ballad is a form of verse, often a narrative set to music, that has been a cornerstone of storytelling across various cultures. Traditionally passed down orally, ballads are known for their rhythmic structure and often tell tales of love, adventure, and heroism.


Ballads are characterized by their strong rhythm and repetition, making them both memorable and engaging. Here are some defining features:

  • Narrative Structure: Ballads typically tell a story, often a dramatic or emotional tale that unfolds in a straightforward, chronological order.
  • Quatrain Stanzas: Most ballads are composed of quatrains (four-line stanzas) with a rhyme scheme of ABAB or ABCB, which adds to the musicality of the verse.
  • Repetition: Refrains or repeated lines are common in ballads, helping to emphasize key themes or emotions and making the ballad easier to remember.
  • Oral Tradition: Many ballads originated from oral traditions, which means they were passed down through generations by word of mouth before being written down.

From medieval minstrels to contemporary songwriters, ballads have continued to evolve, remaining a beloved form of expression that captures the human experience in a way that is both poetic and accessible.