A Birthday Song. To S. G.

By Sidney Lanier

    For ever wave, for ever float and shine     Before my yearning eyes, oh! dream of mine     Wherein I dreamed that time was like a vine,     A creeping rose, that clomb a height of dread     Out of the sea of Birth, all filled with dead,     Up to the brilliant cloud of Death o'erhead.     This vine bore many blossoms, which were years.     Their petals, red with joy, or bleached by tears,     Waved to and fro i' the winds of hopes and fears.     Here all men clung, each hanging by his spray.     Anon, one dropped; his neighbor 'gan to pray;     And so they clung and dropped and prayed, alway.     But I did mark one lately-opened bloom,     Wherefrom arose a visible perfume     That wrapped me in a cloud of dainty gloom.     And rose - an odor by a spirit haunted -     And drew me upward with a speed enchanted,     Swift floating, by wild sea or sky undaunted,     Straight through the cloud of death, where men are free.     I gained a height, and stayed and bent my knee.     Then glowed my cloud, and broke and unveiled thee.     "O flower-born and flower-souled!" I said,     "Be the year-bloom that breathed thee ever red,     Nor wither, yellow, down among the dead.     "May all that cling to sprays of time, like me,     Be sweetly wafted over sky and sea     By rose-breaths shrining maidens like to thee!"     Then while we sat upon the height afar     Came twilight, like a lover late from war,     With soft winds fluting to his evening star.     And the shy stars grew bold and scattered gold,     And chanting voices ancient secrets told,     And an acclaim of angels earthward rolled.     Montgomery, Alabama, October, 1866.

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Poem Details

Language: English
Keywords: Public Domain
Source: Public Domain Collection
Rights/Permissions: Public Domain

Analysis & Notes:
This poem, composed in the aftermath of the Civil War, employs rich imagery and metaphors to discuss themes of time, mortality, love, and transcendence. The central motif of the vine of time, filled simultaneously with beauty and dread, strives to encapsulate the human experience as one marked by fleeting joy, sorrow, and inevitable mortality. The interplay of these elements generates a tone of melancholy reflection that later shifts to one of hope and even spiritual ascension.

The poet's use of metaphor is particularly striking, transforming abstract concepts into tangible images. Time becomes a vine, people are flowers clinging to its sprays, and death is presented as a "brilliant cloud." The delicate balance of life and death, hope and despair, is further emphasized through the contrasting images of blossoms "red with joy" or "bleached by tears." The structure of the poem, with its rhythmic and rhyming patterns, conveys a sense of movement that mirrors the poem's central theme of the passage of time. It ends on a hopeful note, suggesting that love and beauty can offer some form of transcendence, a release from the dread and mortality encapsulated in the vine of time. The twilight, stars, and voices imply a shift to the metaphysical, capping off this exploration of the human experience with a sense of wonderment and awe.

Exploring Lyric Poetry

Lyric poetry is a powerful and intimate form of expression, characterized by its focus on the personal emotions and thoughts of the poet. Often musical in nature, lyric poems resonate with readers through their vivid language and rhythmic flow, capturing moments of intense feeling.


Here are some key characteristics that define lyric poetry:

  • Expressive Language: Lyric poems use rich and evocative language to convey deep emotions, often painting a vivid picture of the poet's inner world.
  • Personal Perspective: Typically written in the first person, these poems offer a window into the poet's personal experiences, thoughts, and reflections.
  • Musicality: Lyric poems often feature a rhythmic structure, with meter and rhyme that give them a song-like quality, enhancing the emotional impact.

From ancient odes to contemporary free verse, lyric poetry remains a beloved and enduring form, celebrated for its ability to articulate the nuances of human emotion in a way that resonates deeply with readers.