Plutus, Cupid, And Time.

By John Gay

            Of all the burthens mortals bear             Time is most galling and severe;             Beneath his grievous load oppressed             We daily meet a man distressed:             "I've breakfasted, and what to do             I do not know; we dine at two."             He takes a pamphlet or the papers,             But neither can dispel his vapours;             He raps his snuff-box, hums an air,             He lolls, or changes now his chair,             He sips his tea, or bites his nails,             Then finds a chum, and then bewails             Unto his sympathising ear             The burthen they have both to bear.             "I wish all hours were post meridiem,"             Said Tom; "so that I were well rid of 'm.             Why won't men play piquet and ombre             Before the evening hour grows sombre?             The women do it, - play quadrille             Morning and evening when they will.             They cast away the spleen and vapours             By daylight as by midnight tapers."             "My case is different," said Will;             "I have the means, but lack the skill:             I am a courtier, in attendance,             And sleep the time out in dependence.             I should have been until the dark,             But for this rain now, in the park,             And then at court, till coming night             Puts court and all my cares to flight.             Then comes my dinner: then away             From wine unto the stupid play             Till ten o'clock; and then assemblies.             And so my time, which you contemn, flies.             I like to ramble midst the fair,             And nothing I find vexes there, -             Save that time flies: and then the club             Gives men their supper and their rub.             And there we all enjoy ourselves,             Till slumber lays us on her shelves."             My worthy friends, Time which devours,             Eats up the demons - passing hours:             Were you to books or business bred,             Too fleetly, then, would they be sped;             For time is fugitive as air.             Now lay aside your spleen or care,             And listen unto me and fable -             That is to say, if you are able.             Plutus, one morn, met Master Cupid;             They stood a moment, as though stupid,             Until they recognised each other.             They complimented with some pother,             When Time overtook them in his walk,             And then all three fell into talk             Of what each one had done for man.             And Plutus, purse-proud, he began:             "Let kings or cobblers, for that matter,             Tell of the gifts which we bespatter;             Deem ye, that loyalty encumbers             The congregated courtly numbers?             Be undeceived: the strongest hold             Man has on fellow-man is gold!             Knaves have led senates, swayed debates,             Enriched themselves, and beggared states             Flatter yourselves no more: 'tis riches -             The depth of pocket of the breeches             That rules the roast. Unhappy wight             Is the poor soul with pocket light;             His solitary day descends,             Quite unencumbered by his friends."             "Of human hearts, and of their yearnings,"             Said Cupid, "I have some discernings;             And own the power of gold. Its power,             Added to beauty as its dower,             Has oftentimes - there's no disputing -             Added a charm, was passed confuting.             Ay - marriage, as has been professed,             Is but a money-job at best;             But not so hearts, and not so love, -             They are the power of gold above.             Those who have true love known and tried,             Have every pettier want defied;             They nestle, and, beneath the storm,             In their own love lie snug and warm.             They every selfish feeling smother,             And one lives only for the other."             Then Time, who pulled his forelock, said:             "To love and money man is wed,             And very apt are both to flout me;             And, if they could, would do without me.             Fools! I supply the vital space             In which they move, and run their race;             Without me they would be a dream.             Behold the miser! does he deem             Those hoards are his? So long - no more -             Than I am with him, is the store.             Soon from him as I pass away,             His heir will lavish them with play.             To arts and learning, matins' chime,             Vespers and midnight, seizing time,             I never know an idle hour             Love not more fugitive in bower.             But I have heard coquettes complain             That they have let the seasons wane,             Nor caught me in my flight; and sorrowed             To see the springtide was but borrowed -             Not permanent - and so had wasted             The tide of joy they never tasted.             But myriads have their time employed,             And myriads have their time enjoyed.             Why then are mortals heedless grown,             Nor care to make each hour their own?             They should beware how we may sever,             At unawares, once and for ever!"             Cupid and Plutus understood             Old Time was man's supremest good:             To him they yielded, and confessed             Time is of godlike blessings - best.

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Poem Details

Language: English
Keywords: Public Domain
Source: Public Domain Collection
Rights/Permissions: Public Domain

Analysis & Notes:
This poem is an eloquent exploration of the themes of time, wealth, love, and the human condition, employing a conversational tone and a narrative structure. It is divided into a series of vignettes, each offering a different perspective on the overarching theme of time's dominion over human life. The poet employs a satirical tone to depict the daily monotony and ennui of the characters, which effectively underscores the poem's overall theme of the oppressive nature of time.

The poem's structure is an effective blend of dialogue and narrative, with the characters of Tom, Will, Cupid, and Plutus serving as mouthpieces for the poet's reflections on the nature of time, wealth, and love. The use of these characters adds a layer of allegory to the poem, transforming it into a moral fable. The poem also uses humor and irony to critique society's obsession with wealth and power, as seen in Plutus' boastful speech. The final stanza, wherein Time asserts his superiority over wealth (Plutus) and love (Cupid), concludes the poem on a note of somber reflection. The poet's choice to give Time the final word serves to underscore the poem's central message of the importance and inevitability of time in human life. Standout literary devices include the use of irony, allegory, and dialogue, all of which contribute to the poem's overall impact and depth of meaning.

Understanding Fables

A fable is a timeless form of storytelling, typically featuring animals as characters that embody human traits, all while conveying a moral lesson. These short narratives have been used throughout history to impart wisdom, offering insights that remain relevant across generations.


Fables stand out for their simplicity and clarity, often concluding with a lesson that is easy to understand and remember. Here are some defining characteristics:

  • Animal Characters: The main characters are often animals that represent human behaviors and characteristics, making the stories both engaging and relatable.
  • Concise Narrative: Fables are brief and focused, with each story centering around a single event or interaction that leads to a moral conclusion.
  • Moral Lesson: The purpose of a fable is to teach a lesson, which is usually stated clearly at the end, offering practical advice or ethical guidance.

From Aesop's ancient tales to modern adaptations, fables continue to be a powerful tool for education and moral reflection, resonating with audiences of all ages.