Villanelle Of The Poet's Road

By Ernest Christopher Dowson

    Wine and woman and song,     Three things garnish our way:     Yet is day over long.     Lest we do our youth wrong,     Gather them while we may:     Wine and woman and song.     Three things render us strong,     Vine leaves, kisses and bay;     Yet is day over long.     Unto us they belong,     Us the bitter and gay,     Wine and woman and song.     We, as we pass along,     Are sad that they will not stay;     Yet is day over long.     Fruits and flowers among,     What is better than they:     Wine and woman and song?     Yet is day over long.

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Poem Details

Language: English
Keywords: Public Domain
Source: Public Domain Collection
Rights/Permissions: Public Domain

Analysis & Notes:
This poem is a meditation on the fleeting nature of life, love, and pleasure, using a traditional form to underscore its timeless themes. The structure, with its consistent rhyme scheme and stanza pattern, creates a sense of musicality, mirroring the wine and woman and song that the poem celebrates. The voice is introspective and melancholic, with a first-person absent, yet the speaker's emotions are palpable. The imagery is vivid, with sensory details like wine, woman, song, vine leaves, kisses, and flowers evoking a sense of sensual delight. The sound of the poem is equally significant, with a consistent iambic meter and a soothing cadence that belies the poem's somber undertones. The poem's structural turn occurs in the third stanza, where the focus shifts from the pleasures of youth to the passing of time. The phrase Yet is day over long becomes a refrain, underscoring the inexorable march of time, which renders even the most cherished things ephemeral. This tonal shift from celebration to lamentation is reinforced by the use of words like bitter and sad, which introduce a note of melancholy to the poem's otherwise joyous tone. The final observation is that despite the poem's nostalgic longing for the past, it remains impossible to escape the passage of time, which is the ultimate reality that the poem confronts.

Understanding Villanelle

A villanelle is a nineteen-line poem built on repetition and refrain. Its intricate structure turns the smallest thought or image into a haunting echo, looping back with musical precision.


Key characteristics of the villanelle form:

  • Structure: Five tercets (three-line stanzas) followed by one quatrain (four-line stanza), totaling nineteen lines.
  • Refrains: The first and third lines of the opening stanza alternate as the final lines of the subsequent stanzas—and then join together in the closing quatrain.
  • Rhyme Scheme: ABA ABA ABA ABA ABA ABAA — only two rhymes are used throughout the entire poem.
  • Musical Repetition: The recurring lines gain new shades of meaning as context shifts, creating emotional resonance.
  • Famous Examples: Dylan Thomas’s “Do Not Go Gentle into That Good Night” and Elizabeth Bishop’s “One Art.”

A villanelle is both disciplined and lyrical—a poetic dance between control and obsession, where meaning circles closer with each return.