To S. M

By Edna St. Vincent Millay

Lyric Poem
If he should lie a-dying     I am not willing you should go     Into the earth, where Helen went;     She is awake by now, I know.     Where Cleopatra's anklets rust     You will not lie with my consent;     And Sappho is a roving dust;     Cressid could love again; Dido,     Rotted in state, is restless still:     You leave me much against my will.

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Poem Details

Language: English
Keywords: Public Domain
Source: Public Domain Collection
Rights/Permissions: Public Domain
Analysis & Notes:
The poem exhibits a powerful exploration of death, love, and the fear of loss. The speaker communicates a deep unwillingness to let a loved one die, weaving in references to famous historical and mythical women such as Helen of Troy, Cleopatra, Sappho, Cressida, and Dido. These women, who were all significant figures in their respective cultures, are used to symbolize the inevitable fate that awaits everyone, regardless of their stature in life. The theme of unwilling separation is palpable, and it's clear that the speaker would rather retain their beloved in the realm of the living than let them join the ranks of these legendary women in death.

The poem’s tone is one of sorrow and resistance, underscored by a rhythmic structure that lends a sense of urgency and desperation. This is particularly evident in repeated phrases such as "I am not willing" and "You leave me much against my will," reinforcing the speaker's emotional struggle. The poet subtly employs the literary device of personification, treating death as a place where the departed are awake and restless. This serves to heighten the speaker's fear of death, not as an end, but as an undesirable transformation. Overall, the poem is a poignant exploration of the struggle between love and the inevitability of death.

Exploring Lyric Poetry

Lyric poetry is a powerful and intimate form of expression, characterized by its focus on the personal emotions and thoughts of the poet. Often musical in nature, lyric poems resonate with readers through their vivid language and rhythmic flow, capturing moments of intense feeling.

Here are some key characteristics that define lyric poetry:

  • Expressive Language: Lyric poems use rich and evocative language to convey deep emotions, often painting a vivid picture of the poet's inner world.
  • Personal Perspective: Typically written in the first person, these poems offer a window into the poet's personal experiences, thoughts, and reflections.
  • Musicality: Lyric poems often feature a rhythmic structure, with meter and rhyme that give them a song-like quality, enhancing the emotional impact.

From ancient odes to contemporary free verse, lyric poetry remains a beloved and enduring form, celebrated for its ability to articulate the nuances of human emotion in a way that resonates deeply with readers.