Good Night! Which Put The Candle Out?

By Emily Elizabeth Dickinson

    Good night! which put the candle out?     A jealous zephyr, not a doubt.     Ah! friend, you little knew     How long at that celestial wick     The angels labored diligent;     Extinguished, now, for you!     It might have been the lighthouse spark     Some sailor, rowing in the dark,     Had importuned to see!     It might have been the waning lamp     That lit the drummer from the camp     To purer reveille!

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Poem Details

Language: English
Keywords: Public Domain
Source: Public Domain Collection
Rights/Permissions: Public Domain

Analysis & Notes:
This brief but impactful poem is a poignant exploration of themes of loss and the impermanence of life, wrapped in the metaphor of extinguishing a candle. The poet uses the candle's flame as a symbol of life or hope, suggesting that its extinction could have significant, unseen repercussions.

The tone of the poem feels somber and reflective, mirroring the serious nature of its themes. The structure, consisting of two six-line stanzas, helps emphasize the two main ideas: the extinguishing of the candle and the potential consequences of this action. The poet's use of personification, referring to the wind as a "jealous zephyr," adds emotional depth and intrigue to an otherwise simple action. The poem concludes with an open-ended question, leaving the reader to ponder the unseen impacts of actions and the fragility of life.

The standout literary device used in this poem is the extended metaphor of the candle's light representing life or hope. Through the metaphor, the poet suggests that the extinguishing of a light could symbolize the ending of a life or the dashing of hope. The poet further develops this metaphor by suggesting the light could be a beacon for a lost sailor or a lamp guiding a drummer—emphasizing the potential value and importance of each life. The poem thus prompts readers to consider the profound impacts of loss, both seen and unseen.

Exploring Lyric Poetry

Lyric poetry is a powerful and intimate form of expression, characterized by its focus on the personal emotions and thoughts of the poet. Often musical in nature, lyric poems resonate with readers through their vivid language and rhythmic flow, capturing moments of intense feeling.


Here are some key characteristics that define lyric poetry:

  • Expressive Language: Lyric poems use rich and evocative language to convey deep emotions, often painting a vivid picture of the poet's inner world.
  • Personal Perspective: Typically written in the first person, these poems offer a window into the poet's personal experiences, thoughts, and reflections.
  • Musicality: Lyric poems often feature a rhythmic structure, with meter and rhyme that give them a song-like quality, enhancing the emotional impact.

From ancient odes to contemporary free verse, lyric poetry remains a beloved and enduring form, celebrated for its ability to articulate the nuances of human emotion in a way that resonates deeply with readers.