Good-Bye

By Ralph Waldo Emerson

    Good-bye, proud world! I'm going home:     Thou art not my friend, and I'm not thine.     Long through thy weary crowds I roam;     A river-ark on the ocean brine,     Long I've been tossed like the driven foam:     But now, proud world! I'm going home.     Good-bye to Flattery's fawning face;     To Grandeur with his wise grimace;     To upstart Wealth's averted eye;     To supple Office, low and high;     To crowded halls, to court and street;     To frozen hearts and hasting feet;     To those who go, and those who come;     Good-bye, proud world! I'm going home.     I am going to my own hearth-stone,     Bosomed in yon green hills alone,--     secret nook in a pleasant land,     Whose groves the frolic fairies planned;     Where arches green, the livelong day,     Echo the blackbird's roundelay,     And vulgar feet have never trod     A spot that is sacred to thought and God.     O, when I am safe in my sylvan home,     I tread on the pride of Greece and Rome;     And when I am stretched beneath the pines,     Where the evening star so holy shines,     I laugh at the lore and the pride of man,     At the sophist schools and the learned clan;     For what are they all, in their high conceit,     When man in the bush with God may meet?

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Poem Details

Language: English
Keywords: Public Domain
Source: Public Domain Collection
Rights/Permissions: Public Domain

Analysis & Notes:
This poem presents a poignant critique of societal norms and constructs, such as flattery, wealth, power, and social hierarchy, while simultaneously expressing a deep yearning for solitude and a return to nature. The poem's tone is one of defiance and disillusionment, but also of relief and anticipation, as the speaker bids farewell to the "proud world" and its hollow values to return to a simpler, more authentic existence.

The poem's structure is a series of quatrains, with a clear, rhythmic meter and an ABAB rhyme scheme, lending it a musical, almost chant-like quality. The repetition of the phrase "Good-bye, proud world! I'm going home" serves to emphasize the speaker's decisive departure from societal norms and his longing for home and nature. This poem uses vivid and evocative imagery, drawing a stark contrast between the artificiality and pretentiousness of society and the purity and tranquility of nature.

The poem employs several key literary devices to convey its themes. The metaphor of the speaker as a "river-ark on the ocean brine" underscores his sense of alienation and the turbulence of his journey. The personification of the world as "proud" and wealth as "upstart" further highlights the speaker's disdain for societal values. The speaker's retreat to the untouched "nook" where "vulgar feet have never trod" represents his yearning for a spiritual and intellectual sanctuary away from the disingenuous and transient nature of humanity's constructs. The poem ends on a note of triumphant rejection of human pride and lore, celebrating the simplicity and profundity of divine communion in nature.

Exploring Lyric Poetry

Lyric poetry is a powerful and intimate form of expression, characterized by its focus on the personal emotions and thoughts of the poet. Often musical in nature, lyric poems resonate with readers through their vivid language and rhythmic flow, capturing moments of intense feeling.


Here are some key characteristics that define lyric poetry:

  • Expressive Language: Lyric poems use rich and evocative language to convey deep emotions, often painting a vivid picture of the poet's inner world.
  • Personal Perspective: Typically written in the first person, these poems offer a window into the poet's personal experiences, thoughts, and reflections.
  • Musicality: Lyric poems often feature a rhythmic structure, with meter and rhyme that give them a song-like quality, enhancing the emotional impact.

From ancient odes to contemporary free verse, lyric poetry remains a beloved and enduring form, celebrated for its ability to articulate the nuances of human emotion in a way that resonates deeply with readers.