Brahma

By Ralph Waldo Emerson

    If the red slayer think he slays,     Or if the slain think he is slain,     They know not well the subtle ways     I keep, and pass, and turn again.     Far or forgot to me is near;     Shadow and sunlight are the same;     The vanished gods to me appear;     And one to me are shame and fame.     They reckon ill who leave me out;     When me they fly, I am the wings;     I am the doubter and the doubt,     And I the hymn the Brahmin sings.     The strong gods pine for my abode,     And pine in vain the sacred Seven;     But thou, meek lover of the good!     Find me, and turn thy back on heaven.

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Poem Details

Language: English
Keywords: Public Domain
Source: Public Domain Collection
Rights/Permissions: Public Domain

Analysis & Notes:
This poem is a rich exploration of the themes of mortality, perception, and the inherent nature of existence. The poet utilizes a tone of profundity and conviction to delve into the perpetuity of life and the illusion of death. The opening stanza, with its reference to the "red slayer" and "the slain," suggests that our understanding of life and death is limited, that we are caught in "subtle ways" that go beyond our straightforward perceptions.

The poem’s structure, composed of four quatrains with a consistent ABAB rhyme scheme, lends an elegant simplicity to the profound ideas being explored, allowing the poet's thoughts to flow effortlessly. The poem's exploration of dichotomies (near and far, shadow and sunlight, shame and fame) is a significant literary device that highlights the poet's assertion of the relativity of perception. Similarly, the use of paradox in lines such as "When me they fly, I am the wings" and "I am the doubter and the doubt" add a layer of complexity, underlining the idea that everything is interconnected and part of a whole. The final lines, with their gentle exhortation to reject traditional notions of heaven in favor of the immediacy of the divine in the present, serve as a powerful conclusion to the poem, reinforcing its overarching theme of the unity and sacredness of existence.

Exploring Lyric Poetry

Lyric poetry is a powerful and intimate form of expression, characterized by its focus on the personal emotions and thoughts of the poet. Often musical in nature, lyric poems resonate with readers through their vivid language and rhythmic flow, capturing moments of intense feeling.


Here are some key characteristics that define lyric poetry:

  • Expressive Language: Lyric poems use rich and evocative language to convey deep emotions, often painting a vivid picture of the poet's inner world.
  • Personal Perspective: Typically written in the first person, these poems offer a window into the poet's personal experiences, thoughts, and reflections.
  • Musicality: Lyric poems often feature a rhythmic structure, with meter and rhyme that give them a song-like quality, enhancing the emotional impact.

From ancient odes to contemporary free verse, lyric poetry remains a beloved and enduring form, celebrated for its ability to articulate the nuances of human emotion in a way that resonates deeply with readers.