Wo! Wo!

By Thomas Moore

    [1]     Wo, wo unto him who would check or disturb it--         That beautiful Light which is now on its way;     Which beaming, at first, o'er the bogs of Belturbet,         Now brightens sweet Ballinafad with its ray!     Oh Farnham, Saint Farnham, how much do we owe thee!         How formed to all tastes are thy various employs.     The old, as a catcher of Catholics, know thee;         The young, as an amateur scourger of boys.     Wo, wo to the man who such doings would smother!--         On, Luther of Bavan! On, Saint of Kilgroggy!     With whip in one hand and with Bible in t'other,         Like Mungo's tormentor, both "preachee and floggee."     Come, Saints from all quarters, and marshal his way;         Come, Lorton, who, scorning profane erudition,     Popt Shakespeare, they say, in the river one day,         Tho' 'twas only old Bowdler's Velluti edition.     Come, Roden, who doubtest--so mild are thy views--         Whether Bibles or bullets are best for the nation;     Who leav'st to poor Paddy no medium to choose         'Twixt good old Rebellion and new Reformation.     What more from her Saints can Hibernia require?         St. Bridget of yore like a dutiful daughter     Supplied her, 'tis said, with perpetual fire,[2]         And Saints keep her now in eternal hot water.     Wo, wo to the man who would check their career,         Or stop the Millennium that's sure to await us,     When blest with an orthodox crop every year,         We shall learn to raise Protestants fast as potatoes.     In kidnapping Papists, our rulers, we know,         Had been trying their talent for many a day;     Till Farnham, when all had been tried, came to show,         Like the German flea-catcher, "anoder goot way."     And nothing's more simple than Farnham's receipt;--         "Catch your Catholic, first--soak him well in poteen,     "Add salary sauce,[3] and the thing is complete.         "You may serve up your Protestant smoking and clean."     "Wo, wo to the wag, who would laugh at such cookery!"         Thus, from his perch, did I hear a black crow[4]     Caw angrily out, while the rest of the rookery         Opened their bills and re-echoed "Wo! wo!"

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Poem Details

Language: English
Keywords: Public Domain
Source: Public Domain Collection
Rights/Permissions: Public Domain

Analysis & Notes:
The poem under analysis is a satirical commentary on religious tensions, specifically targeting the Protestant and Catholic divisions in Ireland. It uses humor and irony to convey its perspective, with a tone that is both playful and cynical. The poet presents a narrative that is critical of those who impose their religious beliefs on others, and who exploit religious differences for personal gain or to maintain control.

The poem uses several literary devices, with alliteration and rhyme playing prominent roles. The recurring phrase "wo, wo" creates a rhythmic pattern that enhances the satirical tone. The use of place names like 'Belturbet' and 'Ballinafad' anchors the poem in a specific geographical context and helps to create imagery. The poem also frequently uses metaphor, comparing the spread of Protestantism to a light beam, and the process of converting Catholics to Protestants to a cooking recipe. The poem's structure flows smoothly, with a consistent rhyme scheme. The poet's use of language is casual and approachable, yet the underlying themes are complex and thought-provoking. This mix of light-hearted expression and serious subject matter creates an engaging and intriguing piece.

Understanding Satirical Poetry

Satirical poems use wit, irony, exaggeration, and ridicule to expose folly—personal, social, or political. The aim isn’t just laughter: it’s critique that nudges readers toward insight or change.


Common characteristics of satirical poetry:

  • Targeted Critique: Focuses on specific behaviors, institutions, or ideas—often timely, sometimes timeless.
  • Tools of Irony: Uses sarcasm, parody, understatement, and hyperbole to sharpen the point.
  • Voice & Persona: Speakers may be unreliable or exaggerated to reveal contradictions and hypocrisy.
  • Form Flexibility: Appears in couplets, tercets, quatrains, blank verse, or free verse—music serves the mockery.
  • Moral Pressure: Beneath the humor lies ethical pressure—satire seeks reform, not merely amusement.
  • Public & Personal: Can lampoon public figures and trends or needle private vanities and everyday pretenses.

The best satire balances bite with craft: memorable lines that entertain while revealing the gap between how things are and how they ought to be.